tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-84746533299005096212024-03-13T22:14:24.339-07:00Mac's Blog ¤ Quelques mots de traduction et traduction de quelques mots[Fr]
Quelques mots de traduction et traduction de quelques mots
[En]
A few words on translation and translation of a few wordsMac's bloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16690326398313716473noreply@blogger.comBlogger11125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8474653329900509621.post-54811503416647623442015-07-09T06:28:00.001-07:002015-07-09T06:28:58.876-07:00[Fr] Le palindromadaire et autres poèmes de U. K. Le Guin ¤ [En] The Palindromedary and other poems by U. K. Le Guin<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-mh63FtcNzE0/VZ5KgXlnF_I/AAAAAAAABHo/PzYTEHzboYQ/s1600/UKLbyMarimaWoodKolisch.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-mh63FtcNzE0/VZ5KgXlnF_I/AAAAAAAABHo/PzYTEHzboYQ/s400/UKLbyMarimaWoodKolisch.png" width="323" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Ursula K.Le Guin </span></b>¤ <a href="http://www.ursulakleguin.com/PublicityPhotos.html#Kolisch" target="_blank">Photo : Marian Wood Kolisch</a></i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; text-align: justify;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">[Fr]</span></i></b><o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US"><i><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">[En]</span></b></i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
Les amateurs de <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">science-fiction</span></i>, de <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">fantasy </span></i>et de <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">fantastique </span></i>la
connaîtront sûrement, d’autres peut-être reconnaîtront son nom.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<i>Née en 1929</i>, <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Ursula Kroeber Le Guin</span></b></i> est un auteur américain de renom,
récompensée à maintes reprises.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Pour la petite anecdote</span></i>, il n’est pas inintéressant de préciser que
si la science-fiction ou le fantastique ne trouvèrent aucune place dans la
thèse qu’elle présenta en <i><b>52</b></i> –<i> Les idées de la mort dans la poésie de
Ronsard</i> – <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Ursula K. Le Guin</span></b></i> écrivit sa <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">toute première histoire fantastique à
l’âge de 9 ans</span></i> et sa <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">première histoire de science-fiction</span></i> soumise à
publication dans le magasine <i><b>Astounding Science Fiction</b></i> <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">à l’âge de 11 ans</span></i>.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US"><i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Science fiction</span></i> and
<i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">fantasy </span></i>lovers know her for sure, others might recognize her name.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US"><i>Born in 1029, <b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Ursula
Kroeber Le Guin</span></b></i> is a famous American writer, prized on many occasions.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US"><i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">A tidbit of
information, just for the sake of it,</span></i> it is not uninteresting to pinpoint
that while science fiction and fantasy held no place in the thesis she
presented in <i><b>’52</b></i> –<i> Ideas of Death in Ronsard’s Poetry</i> – <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Ursula K. Le Guin</span></b></i>
wrote <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">her very first science fiction story at age 9</span></i> and <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">her very first
fantasy story</span></i> to be submitted to publication int the magazine <i><b>Astounding
Science Fiction</b></i> <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">at age 11</span></i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US"><br /></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 464.4pt;" valign="top" width="619">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-sc8x5bDhEog/VZ5yDdRAsiI/AAAAAAAABH4/zP12SXKZnFU/s1600/astounding_uk_194010.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-sc8x5bDhEog/VZ5yDdRAsiI/AAAAAAAABH4/zP12SXKZnFU/s400/astounding_uk_194010.png" width="286" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.philsp.com/homeville/FMI/t/t600.htm" target="_blank"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="text-align: justify;">[v26 #2, October 1940] ed. <b>JOHN Wood CAMPBELL Jr.</b> </span><span style="text-align: justify;">(1910-1971)</span></i></a></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Influencée </span></i>par des auteurs tels que <i><b>J. R. R. Tolkien</b></i>, <i><b>Philip K. Dick</b></i>,<i><b>
Léo Tolstoï</b></i>, <i><b>les sœurs Brontë</b></i> et <i><b>Virginia Woolf</b></i>, <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Ursula K. Le Guin</span></b></i> s’inspira
également d’<i>histoires pour enfants</i>, de la <i>mythologie nordique</i> et des
<i>traditions orientales</i>.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Elle inspirera à son tour</span></i> d’autres grands noms de la littérature tels
que <i><b>Neil Gaiman</b></i>, <i><b>Ian Banks</b></i>, <i><b>Salman Rushdie</b></i> et <i><b>David Mitchell</b></i>.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
Les 4 poèmes choisis sont tirés des œuvres disponibles en ligne sur
<i><a href="http://www.ursulakleguin.com/MenuContentsList.html#WorkOnsite" target="_blank">le site même de l’auteur</a></i>. Les traductions françaises me sont toutes propres.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US"><i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Influenced by</span></i> authors
such as <i><b>J. R. R. Tolkien</b></i>, <i><b>Philip K. Dick</b></i>, <i><b>Leo Tolstoy</b></i>, <i><b>the Brontë Sisters</b></i> and
<i><b>Virginia Woolf</b></i>, <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Ursula K. Le Guin</span></b></i> took her inspiration from <i>children’s
literature</i>, <i>Norse mythology</i> and <i>Eastern traditions</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US"><i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">In turn, she herself
influenced</span></i> such great names of literature as <i><b>Neil Gaiman</b></i>, <i><b>Ian Banks</b></i>, <i><b>Salman
Rushdie</b></i> and <i><b>David Mitchell</b></i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">The 4 chosen poems are
works available online on <i><a href="http://www.ursulakleguin.com/MenuContentsList.html#WorkOnsite" target="_blank">the writer’s own website</a></i>. All French translations
are entirely mine.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 464.4pt;" valign="top" width="619">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-vgEjrRo8UUk/VZ5z51tSDII/AAAAAAAABIE/J9A0QdcU_Ow/s1600/Palindromedary.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="231" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-vgEjrRo8UUk/VZ5z51tSDII/AAAAAAAABIE/J9A0QdcU_Ow/s400/Palindromedary.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i><b><a href="http://www.ursulakleguin.com/Poetry-Palindromedary.html" target="_blank">Source</a></b></i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">De palindrome je ne veux point écrire</span></b></i><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
Le palindromadaire mélancolique,<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
arbitraire et symétrique,<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
ne peut déserter le désert, ne peut rôder,<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
va et vient le pas lourd mais jamais n’atteint le home.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
Le boustrophédon de l’esprit suscite la panique.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
Je ne veux point écrire de palindrome.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<i>Février 2009</i><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US"><i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">A palindrome I do
not want to write</span></b></i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">The mournful
palindromedary,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">symmetrical and
arbitrary,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">cannot desert the
desert, cannot roam,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">plods back and forth
but never reaches home.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
Mental boustrophedon is scary.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">I do not want to
write a palindrome.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i>February 2009</i></div>
<o:p></o:p><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 464.4pt;" valign="top" width="619">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Imitations</span></b></i><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
Pourquoi donc ai-je envie de crier ?<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
Corneille, corneille, dis-moi.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
Une ombre me passe sous le nez<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
Les saules m’appellent, moi.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
Pourquoi une vieille femme pleurerait-elle ?<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
Saule, dis-moi, saule.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
Les corneilles ont traversé mon sommeil.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
Je crie et m’en fais l’écho.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<i>Novembre 2006.</i><o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US"><i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Imitations</span></b></i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Why is it I want to
cry?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Crow, crow, tell me.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">There is a shadow
passing by.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">The willows call me.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Why would an old
woman weep?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Willow, tell me,
willow.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Crows went flying
through my sleep.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">I cry and follow.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US"><i>November 2006<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US"><i><br /></i></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 464.4pt;" valign="top" width="619">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Apprendre le nom</span></b><o:p></o:p></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<i>(pour Bette)</i><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
Le givre des bois, c’est cela ! A présent je sais<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
qui chante ce clair arpège,<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
trois notes lointaines se tissant</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
au couchant</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
entre branchages</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
et obscurité ;<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
ou à l’aube dans les bois, j’ai entendu<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
ce triple mot au doux crescendo<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
résonner au-dessus<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
du paisible cours d’eau – <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
sans avoir jamais vu<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
l’oiseau.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<i>Novembre 2006</i><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US"><i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Learning the Name</span></b><o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US"><i>(for Bette)</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">The wood thrush, it
is! Now I know<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">who sings that clear
arpeggio,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">three far notes
weaving<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">into the evening<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">among leaves<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">and shadow;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">or at dawn in the
woods, I've heard<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">the sweet ascending
triple word<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">echoing over<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">the silent river —<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">but never<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">seen the bird.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<i>November 2006</i><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 464.4pt;" valign="top" width="619">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<i><span style="color: #f6b26b;"><b>Toute terre</b></span><o:p></o:p></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<i>(d’après un dicton de <b>Black Elk [Elan noir]</b>)</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<i><br /></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
Regarde où les branches des saules se courbent<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
Observe où les eaux de rivières se tournent<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
Les cercueils dans la roche, les berceaux dans le sable<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
Toute terre est Terre sainte<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
Ici se tint la bataille jusqu’au dénouement<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
Ici est l’endroit où l’opposant tua le partisan<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
Le sang sur la roche, les larmes sur le sable<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
Toute terre est Terre sainte<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
Sous le vent, le saule au bord de l’eau se ploie<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
Se ploie jusqu’à se briser et ne plus se tenir droit<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
Ecoute le mot que les messagers envoient<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
La vie telle la roche brisée, la mort telle le sable<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
Toute terre est Terre sainte.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<i>November 2006</i><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<i><br /></i></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Every Land </span></b></i></div>
<span lang="EN-US"><div style="text-align: center;">
<i>(From a saying of <b>Black Elk</b>)</i></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i><br /></i></div>
</span>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Watch where the branches
of the willows bend<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">See where the waters
of the rivers tend<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Graves in the rock,
cradles in the sand<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Every land is the
holy land<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Here was the battle
to the bitter end<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Here's where the
enemy killed the friend<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Blood on the rock,
tears on the sand<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Every land is the
holy land<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Willow by the water
bending in the wind<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Bent till it's
broken and it will not stand<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Listen to the word
the messengers send<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Life like the broken
rock, death like the sand<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Every land is the
holy land<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<i>November 2006</i><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
Mac's bloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16690326398313716473noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8474653329900509621.post-75414288245104989082015-04-08T15:47:00.000-07:002015-04-09T03:09:54.882-07:00[Fr] Invictus et autres poèmes de W. E. Henley ¤ [En] Invictus and Other Poems of W. E. Henley<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; text-align: justify;"><tbody>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 230.3pt;" valign="top" width="307"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><i>[Fr]</i></b></span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td> <td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 230.3pt;" valign="top" width="307"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i><b>[En]</b></i></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><br />
</span></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 230.3pt;" valign="top" width="307"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Né le <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">23 Août 1849</span></i>, <b><i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">William Ernest Henley</span></i></b> meurt le <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">11 Juillet 1903</span></i> de la tuberculose dont il souffre depuis ses 12 ans.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
A l’exception peut-être des aficionados de la littérature anglaise ou la vie de <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Nelson Mandela</span></b></i>, le nom de <i><b>William Ernest Henley</b></i> n’évoquera probablement rien au lecteur français, pas même son poème le plus connu : <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Invictus</span></b></i>.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Pour la petite anecdote, en 1875</span></i>, après l’amputation sous genoux de sa jambe gauche, <i><b>Henley</b></i> s’est opposé à l’amputation de sa seconde jambe. Elle sera sauvée par la suite grâce aux soins du chirurgien <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Joseph Lister</span></b></i>.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Le poème est écrit lors de sa convalescence mais ne sera <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">publié qu'en 1888</span></i>, et comme chacun de ses poèmes, il n’a <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">pas de titre</span></i>. Il s’agit en fait d’un ajout de l’éditeur <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Arthur Quiller-Couch</span></b></i> lors de la publication de son anthologie de poésie anglaise en 1900 : <i><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/1304/pg1304.html" target="_blank">The Oxford Book of English Verse, 1250-1900</a></i>.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td> <td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 230.3pt;" valign="top" width="307">Born on <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">August 23rd 1849</span></i>, <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">William Ernest Henley</span></b></i> died on <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">July 11th 1903</span></i> of tuberculosis from which he suffered since age 12. <br />
<br />
With maybe the exception of the aficionados of the English literature or of <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Nelson Mandela</span></b></i>’s life, the name of <i><b>William Ernest Henley</b></i> is unlikely to remind anything to a French reader, not even his best known poem: <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Invictus</span></b></i>. <br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">On a side note, in 1875</span></i>, after the amputation of his left leg below the knee, <i><b>Henley</b></i> went against the amputation of his other leg. It was saved later on thanks to the surgeon <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Joseph Lister</span></b></i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">The poem was written when convalescing but will only be <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">published in 1888</span></i>, and like any of his poems, it was <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">untitled</span></i>. The title is actually an addition made by editor <i><b>Arthur Quiller-Couch</b></i> with the publication of his anthology of English poetry in 1900: <i><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/1304/pg1304.html" target="_blank">The Oxford Book of English Verse, 1250-1900</a></i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 460.6pt;" valign="top" width="614"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/5pJcwnS1c0I/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/5pJcwnS1c0I?feature=player_embedded" width="500"></iframe></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: x-small;"><i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Invictus</span> - <b>William Ernest Henley</b> (by <span style="color: #f6b26b;"><b>Alan Bates</b></span>)<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">TV-Commercial Series "Poems 1997", which has been broadcasted on CNN.</span></i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 230.3pt;" valign="top" width="307"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">En 1883</span></b></i>, <i><b>Henley</b></i> inspire à son ami <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Robert Louis Stevenson</span></b></i> le personnage de <i>Long John Silver</i> – <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">L’île au trésor</span></i>.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">En 1904</span></b></i>, à son tour, <i><b>Margaret</b></i>, la fille de <i><b>Henley</b></i> morte en 1894 des suites d’une méningite à l’âge de 5 ans, inspire à <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">James Matthew Barrie</span></b></i> le personnage de <i>Wendy</i> – <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Peter Pan</span></i>, publié sous forme de roman en 1911. Elle l’appelait <i>Fwendy-wendy</i>.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td> <td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 230.3pt;" valign="top" width="307"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">In 1883</span></b></i>, <i><b>Henley</b></i> inspired his friend <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Robert Louis Stevenson</span></b></i> to create the <i>Long John Silver</i> character – <i><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/120/120-h/120-h.htm" target="_blank">Treasure Island</a></i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">In turn, <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">in 1904</span></b></i>, <i><b>Margaret</b></i>, the daughter of <i><b>Henley</b></i> deceased in 1894 of meningitis at age 5, inspired <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">James Matthew Barrie </span></b></i>to create the <i>Wendy</i> character – <i><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/26654/26654-h/26654-h.htm" target="_blank">Peter Pan</a></i>, published as a novel in 1911. She used to call him <i>Fwendy-wendy</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 460.6pt;" valign="top" width="614"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-FZDW4wRx5Gg/VSU701qy_1I/AAAAAAAABB8/FTPpspaEa2U/s1600/William%2BErnest%2BHenley%2Bby%2BAuguste%2BRodin%2B%C2%A4%2B1886.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-FZDW4wRx5Gg/VSU701qy_1I/AAAAAAAABB8/FTPpspaEa2U/s1600/William%2BErnest%2BHenley%2Bby%2BAuguste%2BRodin%2B%C2%A4%2B1886.png" height="400" width="267" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i><b>William Ernest Henley</b>Sculpture de <b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Auguste Rodin</span> </b>- 1886</i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br /></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 230.3pt;" valign="top" width="307"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">En 1898</span></b></i> est publiée la première édition d’un recueil regroupant <i>l’ensemble des poèmes de <b>William Ernest Henley</b></i> : <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/1568/1568-h/1568-h.htm" target="_blank"><i>Poems – A Book of Verses – London Voluntaries</i></a>.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Ce recueil se divise en 5 parties : <i><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/1568/1568-h/1568-h.htm#page3" target="_blank">In Hospital</a>, <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/1568/1568-h/1568-h.htm#page79" target="_blank">Bric-à-brac</a>, <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/1568/1568-h/1568-h.htm#page115" target="_blank">Echoes</a>, <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/1568/1568-h/1568-h.htm#page185" target="_blank">London Voluntaries</a>, <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/1568/1568-h/1568-h.htm#page207" target="_blank">Rhymes and Rhythms</a></i>.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Les 4 poèmes choisis qui suivent sont tous tirés de <i>Echoes</i>. Les traductions françaises me sont toutes propres.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td> <td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 230.3pt;" valign="top" width="307"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">In 1898</span></b></i> was published the first edition of a collection gathering <i>all of <b>William Ernest Henley</b>’s poems together</i>: <i><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/1568/1568-h/1568-h.htm" target="_blank">Poems – A Book of Verses – London Voluntaries</a></i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">This collection is divided in 5 parts: <i><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/1568/1568-h/1568-h.htm#page3" target="_blank">In Hospital</a>, <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/1568/1568-h/1568-h.htm#page79" target="_blank">Bric-à-brac</a>, <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/1568/1568-h/1568-h.htm#page115" target="_blank">Echoes</a>, <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/1568/1568-h/1568-h.htm#page185" target="_blank">London Voluntaries</a>, <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/1568/1568-h/1568-h.htm#page207" target="_blank">Rhymes and Rhythms</a></i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">The 4 chosen poems below are all taken from <i>Echoes</i>. The French translations are entirely mine.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 460.6pt;" valign="top" width="614"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ybvxkYKLdLY/VSVA0yaW_eI/AAAAAAAABCM/waagDBF2B50/s1600/Collection%2Bcover%2B%C2%A4%2BPoems%2B-%2Ba%2Bbook%2Bof%2Bverses%2B-%2BLondon%2Bvoluntaries%2B%C2%A4%2B1907.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ybvxkYKLdLY/VSVA0yaW_eI/AAAAAAAABCM/waagDBF2B50/s1600/Collection%2Bcover%2B%C2%A4%2BPoems%2B-%2Ba%2Bbook%2Bof%2Bverses%2B-%2BLondon%2Bvoluntaries%2B%C2%A4%2B1907.png" height="400" width="268" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i><b><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/1568/1568-h/images/covers.jpg" target="_blank">Source</a></b></i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 460.6pt;" valign="top" width="614"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><i><b><span style="color: #e69138;">IV ¤ Invictus (1875)</span></b></i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 230.3pt;" valign="top" width="307"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Du cœur de la nuit qui me drape,<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Noire comme l’Abîme d’un pôle à l’autre,<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Je remercie les dieux quels qu’ils puissent être<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Pour mon âme invulnérable.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Soumis aux cruelles conjonctures<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Je n’ai ni grimacé ni ne me suis écrié.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Sous les soufflets de la fortune<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Ma tête est ensanglantée, mais haute dressée.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Delà ce lieu d’ire et de larmes,<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Ne sourd que l’Horreur de la sombreur,<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Et pourtant la menace de l’âge<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Ne trouve, et ne trouvera, en moi nulle peur.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Qu’importe l’étroitesse du passage,<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Les maints châtiments du parchemin.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Je suis le maître de mon destin :<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Je suis le capitaine de mon âme.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td> <td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 230.3pt;" valign="top" width="307"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">Out of the night that covers me,<br /> Black as the Pit from pole to pole,<br />
I thank whatever gods may be<br /> For my unconquerable soul.<br />
<br />
In the fell clutch of circumstance<br /> I have not winced nor cried aloud.<br />
Under the bludgeonings of chance<br /> My head is bloody, but unbowed.<br />
<br />
Beyond this place of wrath and tears<br /> Looms but the Horror of the shade,<br />
And yet the menace of the years<br /> Finds, and shall find, me unafraid.<br />
<br />
It matters not how strait the gate,<br /> How charged with punishments the scroll.<br />
I am the master of my fate:<br /> I am the captain of my soul.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><br />
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 460.6pt;" valign="top" width="614"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><i><b><span style="color: #e69138;">V (1875)</span></b></i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 230.3pt;" valign="top" width="307"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Je suis la Faucheuse.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Toute chose au crochet aux aguets<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Silencieuse il me semble.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Les pâles roses caressées par le printemps,<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Les hauts épis de blé en été,<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Les fruits riches de l’automne, et les fleurs du frêle hiver –<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Faucher, faucher encore –<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Toute chose au crochet aux aguets<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Opportune il me semble.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Je suis le Semeur.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Toute la vie désincarnée<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Passe par ma toile à grains.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
L’atome à l’atome marié,<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Chacun exaltant l’autre,<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Glisse entre mes doigts, toujours différent, toujours identique.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Sans cesse semer,<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
La vie, l’incorruptible vie,<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
S’écoule de ma toile à grains.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Créateur et briseur,<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Je suis la crue et la décrue,<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
L’Instant et l’Instant d’Après,<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Précipités entre les lacis et les volutes<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
De l’infinie nature,<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Aveugle et silencieux je façonne tout être.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Preneur et donneur,<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Je suis le ventre de la mère et la sépulture,<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Le Temps Présent et le Sempiternel.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td> <td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 230.3pt;" valign="top" width="307"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">I am the Reaper.<br />
All things with heedful hook<br />
Silent I gather.<br />
Pale roses touched with the spring,<br />
Tall corn in summer,<br />
Fruits rich with autumn, and frail winter blossoms—<br />
Reaping, still reaping—<br />
All things with heedful hook<br />
Timely I gather.<br />
<br />
I am the Sower.<br />
All the unbodied life<br />
Runs through my seed-sheet.<br />
Atom with atom wed,<br />
Each quickening the other,<br />
Fall through my hands, ever changing, still changeless.<br />
Ceaselessly sowing,<br />
Life, incorruptible life,<br />
Flows from my seed-sheet.<br />
<br />
Maker and breaker,<br />
I am the ebb and the flood,<br />
Here and Hereafter,<br />
Sped through the tangle and coil<br />
Of infinite nature,<br />
Viewless and soundless I fashion all being.<br />
Taker and giver,<br />
I am the womb and the grave,<br />
The Now and the Ever.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 460.6pt;" valign="top" width="614"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US"><b><i><span style="color: #e69138;">XXIV (1876)</span></i></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 230.3pt;" valign="top" width="307"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
La vastitude de la mer se déchaîne et tonne<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Dans la gloire et l’allégresse.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Ô, m’ensevelissez point dans la terre insensible<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Mais dans la mer pétrie de vie !<o:p></o:p><br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Ah, ensevelissez-moi là où elle jaillit<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
A un millier de lieux de la grève,<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Et dans son intranquillité fraternelle<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Je vagabonderai à jamais.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td> <td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 230.3pt;" valign="top" width="307"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">The full sea rolls and thunders<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"> In glory and in glee.<br />
O, bury me not in the senseless earth<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"> But in the living sea!<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Ay, bury me where it surges<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"> A thousand miles from shore,<br />
And in its brotherly unrest<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"> I’ll range for evermore.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><br />
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><br />
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 460.6pt;" valign="top" width="614"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US"><b><i><span style="color: #e69138;">XXXI (1877)</span></i></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 230.3pt;" valign="top" width="307"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Ô, avez-vous béni, au-delà des astres,<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
L’éclat bleuté dans les cieux,<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Quand Juin les roses autour d’elle s’exclame ? —<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Discernez-vous alors la lueur qui choit<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
De ses bien-aimés yeux.<o:p></o:p><br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Et avez-vous éprouvé ce sentiment de paix<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Que procurent les matutinales prairies ? —<br />
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Discernez-vous alors l’esprit de grâce,<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
L’ange indulgent sur son visage,<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Qui rend agréable la vie.<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Elle brille devant moi, rêve et espoir,<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IT"> Si belle, si calme, si sage,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Que, la conquérant, je semble conquérir<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Delà la terre et le travail et le tapage,<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Un bout de Paradis.<o:p></o:p></div>
</td> <td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 230.3pt;" valign="top" width="307"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">O, have you blessed, behind the stars,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"> The blue sheen in the skies,<br />
When June the roses round her calls?—<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Then do you know the light that falls<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"> From her belovèd eyes.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">And have you felt the sense of peace<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"> That morning meadows give?—<br />
Then do you know the spirit of grace,<br />
The angel abiding in her face,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"> Who makes it good to live.</span><br />
<span lang="EN-US"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">She shines before me, hope and dream,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"> So fair, so still, so wise,<br />
That, winning her, I seem to win<br />
Out of the dust and drive and din<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"> A nook of Paradise.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 460.6pt;" valign="top" width="614"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td> </tr>
</tbody></table>
Mac's bloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16690326398313716473noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8474653329900509621.post-9903307720097592002015-01-28T15:34:00.000-08:002015-07-09T02:50:08.222-07:00[Fr] 6 poèmes choisis d'Emily Dickinson ¤ [En] 6 Chosen Poems Of Emily Dickinson<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; text-align: justify;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><i>[Fr]</i></b></span><o:p></o:p></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US"><i><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">[En]</span></b></i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Pour faire bref,<i> <span style="color: #f6b26b;"><b>Emily Elizabeth Dickinson</b>, dite <b>Emily Dickinson</b></span></i>, est
<i>l’une des <span style="color: #f6b26b;">poétesses américaines</span> les plus connues</i> du <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">19ème siècle</span></i> et a pour
ainsi dire vécu toute sa vie à <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Amherst, Massachusetts (10 décembre 1830 –
15 mai 1886)</span></i>. Cadette d’une fratrie de trois, si elle répugnait à
recevoir qui que ce soit cela ne l’empêchait pas d’entretenir des amitiés par
correspondance.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Pour la petite anecdote, outre son penchant pour les vêtements
blancs, <i><b>Emily Dickinson</b></i> n’avait publié que très peu de poèmes de son vivant,
moins d’une douzaine sur <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">près de mille huit cents</span></i>, autant dire une broutille.</div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">To keep it short,
<i><span style="color: #f6b26b;"><b>Emily Elizabeth Dickinson</b>, known as <b>Emily Dickinson</b></span></i>, is <i>one of the most
famous <span style="color: #f6b26b;">American poetesses</span></i> of the <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">19th century</span></i> and lived her whole life as it
were in <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Amherst, Massachusetts (December 10, 1830 – May 15, 1886)</span></i>. Second of three siblings, if she was reluctant to receive anyone it didn’t
prevent her from carrying out friendships by correspondence.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">On a side note,
besides her having a liking for white clothing, <i><b>Emily Dickinson</b></i> only ever
published but a few of her poems in her lifetime, less than a dozen out of <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">nearly a
thousand and eight hundreds poems</span></i>, that is to say a mere trifle.</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 464.4pt;" valign="top" width="619"><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-vkOQ0ABC3JY/VMkjPpImlYI/AAAAAAAAAxY/7Myr2fMp_OQ/s1600/Emily%2BDickinson%2BDaguerreotype%2Bca%2B1847.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="232" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-vkOQ0ABC3JY/VMkjPpImlYI/AAAAAAAAAxY/7Myr2fMp_OQ/s1600/Emily%2BDickinson%2BDaguerreotype%2Bca%2B1847.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption"><i><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Emily Dickinson's daguerreotype circa 1847<br />Source: <a href="https://www.amherst.edu/library/archives/holdings/edickinson/dickinsondag">Amherst College Archives & Special Collections</a></span></i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i>Si dès <span style="color: #f6b26b;">1890</span></i>, parties de son œuvre furent publiées par deux de ses
connaissances – <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;"><b>Thomas Wentworth Higginson</b> (1823 – 1911)</span></i>, son mentor et
<i><span style="color: #f6b26b;"><b>Mabel Loomis Todd</b> (1856 – 1932)</span></i> – ses poèmes ont été <i>largement modifiés voire
réécrits pour correspondre aux standards de ponctuation et de majuscule de la fin 19ème siècle</i>.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i>Entre <span style="color: #f6b26b;">1914 et 1945</span></i>, <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;"><b>Martha Dickinson Bianchi </b>(1866-1943)</span></i> a publié
plusieurs recueils en s’appuyant sur les manuscrits de sa tante conservés par
sa famille, tandis que <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;"><b>Millicent Todd Bingham</b> (1880-1968)</span></i> elle s’est basée
sur les manuscrits par sa mère <i><b>Mabel Loomis Todd</b></i>. <i>Cependant, les poèmes sont
encore largement modifiés</i>.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Grâce à un travail rigoureux de <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Thomas Herbert Johnson</span></b></i>, <i>c’est en</i> <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">1955</span></i>
que fut publiée une première édition complète et rigoureuse en trois volumes
des poèmes d’<i><b>Emily Dickinson</b></i> : <i><a href="http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674676015&content=reviews" target="_blank">The Poems of Emily Dickinson</a> (1775
poèmes)</i>.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Les poèmes sont quasiment sous leur forme originale et conservent
ainsi les <i>spécificités propre à la poétesse : tirets, majuscules
irrégulières, style souvent extrêmement elliptique</i>. Ils n’ont pas de titre et
sont numérotés selon un ordre chronologique approximatif. <i>Il reste toutefois
quelques traces des modifications apportées par <b>Todd </b>et <b>Higginson</b></i>.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i>C’est enfin en</i> <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">1998 </span></i>que <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Ralph W. Franklin</span></b></i> a publié l’édition la plus
complète en trois volumes également de l’œuvre d’<i><b>Emily Dickinson</b></i> : <i><a href="http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674018242&content=reviews" target="_blank">The Poems of Emily Dickinson, Variorum Edition </a>(1789 poèmes)</i>.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i>Les poèmes sont sous leur forme originale, <span style="color: #f6b26b;">retranscrits via
fac-similés et numérotés suivant leur ordre chronologique</span></i>.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><i>If from <span style="color: #f6b26b;">1890</span></i>, parts
of her works were published by two acquaintances of hers – <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;"><b>Thomas Wentworth
Higginson</b> (1823 – 1911)</span></i>, her mentor and <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;"><b>Mabel Loomis Todd</b> (1856 – 1932) </span></i>– her
poems were <i>extensively edited if not rewritten in order to match the
punctuation and capitalization standards of the late 19<sup>th</sup> century</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><i>Between <span style="color: #f6b26b;">1914 and
1945</span></i>, <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;"><b>Martha Dickinson Bianchi</b> (1866-1943)</span></i> published many collections based on the manuscripts of her aunt kept by her family, whereas <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;"><b>Millicent Todd Bingham</b> (1880-1968)</span></i>
based her collections on the manuscripts kept by her mother <b><i>Mabel Loomis
Todd</i></b>. <i>However, the poems are still extensively edited</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Thanks to a
scholarly work of <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Thomas Herbert Johnson</span></b></i>, the first complete and thorough
three-volume edition of <i><b>Emily Dickinson</b></i>’s poems was published <i>in</i> <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">1955</span></i>: <i><a href="http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674676015&content=reviews" target="_blank">The Poems of Emily Dickinson</a> (1775 poems)</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">The poems were
nearly in their original form and therefore held the<i> peculiar specificities
of the poetess: dashes, irregularly capitalizations, often extremely
elliptical style</i>. They have no title and are numbered in an approximate
chronological order. <i>Yet, traces of the edited version of <b>Todd </b>and <b>Higginson
</b> still remain</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><i>It’s finally in</i> <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">1998
</span></i> that <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Ralph W. Franklin </span></b></i>published the most complete edition of <i><b>Emily
Dickinson</b></i>’s work, also a three-volume edition: <i><a href="http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674018242&content=reviews" target="_blank">The Poems of Emily Dickinson, Variorum Edition</a></i> <i>(1789 poems)</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><i>The poems are in
their original form, <span style="color: #f6b26b;">transcribed from facsimiles and numbered according to
their chronological order</span></i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Voici six poèmes choisis d’<i><b>Emily Dickinson</b></i>, chacun est précédé de la
numérotation de <i><b>Franklin</b></i>, l’année établie par <i><b>Franklin </b></i>et de la numérotation
de <i><b>Johnson</b></i>. Ils ont tous été écrits à Amhrest, Massachusetts.<br />
La traduction française m'est entièrement propre, je n'ai lu aucune des traductions déjà existantes.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Here are six chosen poems
of <i><b>Emily Dickinson</b></i>’s, each preceded by the <i><b>Franklin </b></i>numbering, the year
established by <i><b>Franklin </b></i>and the <i><b>Johnson </b></i>numbering. All of them were written
in Amhrest, Massachusetts.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US">The French translation is entirely mine, I have read none of the already existing translations.</span><br />
<span lang="EN-US"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 464.4pt;" valign="top" width="619"><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-uw3KQuJlMNU/VMkkbVTcPBI/AAAAAAAAAxo/ZgURbDpNMu4/s1600/EDA%2B%C2%A4%2BIf%2BThose%2BI%2Bloved%2Bwere%2Blost%2B%C2%A4%2BFr20%2BJ29.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="261" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-uw3KQuJlMNU/VMkkbVTcPBI/AAAAAAAAAxo/ZgURbDpNMu4/s1600/EDA%2B%C2%A4%2BIf%2BThose%2BI%2Bloved%2Bwere%2Blost%2B%C2%A4%2BFr20%2BJ29.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i><a href="http://www.edickinson.org/editions/2/image_sets/74677" target="_blank">Emily Dickinson Archives If Those I Loved Were Lost ¤ Fr20, 1858 (J29)</a><br /> partial view of the facsimile</i></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 464.4pt;" valign="top" width="619"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Fr20, 1858 (J29)</span></b></i><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<i><b><br /></b></i></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Si ceux que j’aimais étaient perdus<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
La voix du Crieur m’alerterait —<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Si ceux que j’aimais étaient retrouvés<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Les cloches de Gand sonneraient —<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Ceux que j’aimais seraient-ils au repos<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
La Pâquerette m’orienterait.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Philippe — alors que troublé<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Avec lui son mystère emportait !</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">If those I loved
were lost<br />
The Crier's voice would tell me—<br />
If those I loved were found<br />
The bells of Ghent would ring—<br /><br />
Did those I loved repose<br />
The Daisy would impel me.<br />
Philip—when bewildered<br />
Bore his riddle in!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 464.4pt;" valign="top" width="619"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<i><b><br /></b></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Fr137, 1860 (J74)</span></b></i><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<i><b><br /></b></i></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Une Dame rouge — au milieu de la Colline<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Son secret annuel conserve !<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Une Dame blanche, au sein du Champs<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Dans un Lys placide sommeille !<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Les Brises ordonnées, avec leurs Genêts—<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Balayent val — colline — arbre!<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Fi donc, Mes belles Compagnes !<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Quel attendu ce peut-il être ?<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Les voisins n’ont encore nul soupçon !<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Les bois échangent un sourire !<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Verger, Bouton d’Or, Oiseau —<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
En un moment si réduit !<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Pourtant, quelle paix sur le Paysage règne !<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Quelle nonchalance sur la Haie !<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Comme si la « Résurrection »<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
N’était rien de très extraordinaire !<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">A Lady red—amid the
Hill<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Her annual secret
keeps!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">A Lady white, within
the Field<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">In placid Lily
sleeps!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">The tidy Breezes,
with their Brooms—<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Sweep vale—and
hill—and tree!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Prithee, My pretty
Housewives!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Who may expected be?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">The neighbors do not
yet suspect!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">The woods exchange a
smile!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Orchard, and
Buttercup, and Bird—<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">In such a little
while!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">And yet, how still
the Landscape stands!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">How nonchalant the
Hedge!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">As if the
"Resurrection"<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Were nothing very
strange!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 464.4pt;" valign="top" width="619"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-VK0EvneKQIo/VMldA0fUn6I/AAAAAAAAAyE/2BvibLCiuTk/s1600/EDA%2B%C2%A4%2BA%2BSlash%2Bof%2BBlue%2BA%2Bsweep%2Bof%2BGray%2B%C2%A4%2BJ204%2BFr233%2B(35).png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-VK0EvneKQIo/VMldA0fUn6I/AAAAAAAAAyE/2BvibLCiuTk/s1600/EDA%2B%C2%A4%2BA%2BSlash%2Bof%2BBlue%2BA%2Bsweep%2Bof%2BGray%2B%C2%A4%2BJ204%2BFr233%2B(35).png" width="258" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.edickinson.org/editions/2/image_sets/78829" target="_blank">Emily Dickinson Archives <br />A Slash of Blue! A Sweep of Gray! ¤ Fr233, 1861 (J204)</a></i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<i><b><br /></b></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Fr233, 1861 (J204)</span></b></i><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<i><b><br /></b></i></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Balafre de Bleu ! Étendue de Gris !<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Quelques macules écarlates — de passage —<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Composent un Ciel à la Tombée du Jour —<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Une pointe de pourpre — immiscée çà et là —<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Quelques Pantalons Garance — empressés —<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Vague d’Or — Berge d’une Journée —<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Ceci forme juste le Ciel à la Pointe du Jour !<o:p></o:p></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">A slash of Blue! A
sweep of Gray!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Some scarlet patches
— on the way —<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Compose an Evening
Sky —<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">A little purple —
slipped between —<br />
Some Ruby Trousers — hurried on —<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">A Wave of Gold — A
Bank of Day —<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">This just makes out
the Morning Sky!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 464.4pt;" valign="top" width="619"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><i><br /></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Fr278, 1862 (J1212)</span></i></b><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><i><br /></i></b></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Un mot périt une fois dit<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
D’aucuns disent —<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Je dis que sa vie a tout juste commencé<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Ce jour-là.<o:p></o:p></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">A word is dead when
it is said<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Some say —<br /><br />
I say it just begins to live<br />
That day.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 464.4pt;" valign="top" width="619"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;"><br /></span></b></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Fr579, 1863 (J683)</span></b></i><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<i><b><br /></b></i></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
L’Âme envers elle-même<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Est une impériale amie —<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Ou l’Espion le plus moribond —<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Que pourrait envoyer — un Ennemi —<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Prémunie contre la sienne —<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Nulle traîtrise elle ne saurait craindre —<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Elle-même — sa Souveraine — Face à elle-même<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
L’Âme doit faire montre de Révérence —<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">The Soul unto itself<br />
Is an imperial friend —<br />
Or the most agonizing Spy —<br />
An Enemy — could send —<br /><br />
Secure against its own —<br />
No treason it can fear —<br />
Itself — its Sovereign — Of itself<br />
The Soul should stand in Awe —<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 464.4pt;" valign="top" width="619"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><i><br /></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Fr1109, 1866 (J1079)</span></i></b><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><i><br /></i></b></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Le Soleil descendit — nul Homme regarda —<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
La Terre et Moi, seules,<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Étions présentes à la Majesté —<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Il triompha, et s’en alla —<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Le Soleil s’éleva — nul Homme regarda —<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
La Terre et Moi et Unique<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Un Oiseau sans nom — un Etranger<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Furent les Témoins de la Couronne —<o:p></o:p></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">The Sun went down —
no Man looked on —<br />
The Earth and I, alone,<br />
Were present at the Majesty —<br />
He triumphed, and went on —<br /><br />
The Sun went up — no Man looked on —<br />
The Earth and I and One<br />
A nameless Bird — a Stranger<br />
Were Witness for the Crown —<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 464.4pt;" valign="top" width="619"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-kZ4gHSwGqKw/VMknHxiQckI/AAAAAAAAAx0/5eQEt4twYmg/s1600/Signature%2BE%2BDickinson.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-kZ4gHSwGqKw/VMknHxiQckI/AAAAAAAAAx0/5eQEt4twYmg/s1600/Signature%2BE%2BDickinson.png" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i><b>Further readings:</b></i></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://www.edickinson.org/" target="_blank">http://www.edickinson.org/</a></div>
<div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://www.emilydickinsonmuseum.org/" target="_blank">http://www.emilydickinsonmuseum.org/</a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://www.emilydickinson.org/" target="_blank">http://www.emilydickinson.org/</a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://bloggingdickinson.blogspot.fr/" target="_blank">http://bloggingdickinson.blogspot.fr/</a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</div>
Mac's bloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16690326398313716473noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8474653329900509621.post-62544888384178040182014-11-05T17:22:00.000-08:002015-01-28T05:52:16.190-08:00[Fr] L'acte de traduction, la randonnée d'un artisan des mots ¤ [En] The Act of Translation, a Wordsmith Hike<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Gyu4dAkrE1Q/VMjpMseym9I/AAAAAAAAAw8/Gn25ha5Dnx0/s1600/2013-07%2B28%2B%C2%A4%2BPath%2B%26%2BShadow%2B%233.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Gyu4dAkrE1Q/VMjpMseym9I/AAAAAAAAAw8/Gn25ha5Dnx0/s1600/2013-07%2B28%2B%C2%A4%2BPath%2B%26%2BShadow%2B%233.png" height="227" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">2013-07 28 ¤ Path Shadow</span></i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; text-align: justify;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><i>[Fr]</i></b></span><o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><i><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">[En]</span></b></i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
On se lance dans une traduction comme on part en
randonnée – <span style="color: #f6b26b;"><i>préparé </i></span>!<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
On repère le <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">terrain</span></i>. On détermine le <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">but à
atteindre</span></i>. On doit <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">être en forme</span></i>. On s’arme de <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">bonnes chaussures de marche</span></i>, d’un
<i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">bâton de marche</span></i> (ou pas) et d’un <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">sac-à-dos chargé du nécessaire</span></i> :<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
</div>
<ul>
<li>casse-croûte, eau, change, couchage, trousse de
toilette et vêtements pour le bien-être du randonneur,</li>
<li>cordage, couteau de survie, briquet, lampe
torche et piles de rechange, de quoi se protéger du froid et du soleil et trousse
de secours pour sa survie,</li>
<li>carte et boussole pour se diriger.</li>
</ul>
<div>
<br /></div>
<br /></td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB">One
embarks on a translation as they would a hiking – <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">prepared</span></i>!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB">You
get some <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">field </span></i>recon carried out. You determine a <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">goal to reach</span></i>. You have <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">to
be in good shape</span></i>. You get yourself equipped with <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">fitting hiking boots</span></i>, <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">hiking
stick</span></i> (or not) and a <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">backpack loaded with necessities</span></i>:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
</div>
<ul>
<li>snacks, water, spare, sleeping bag, toilet kit and clothes for the hiker’s
well-being,</li>
<li>rope, survival knife, lighter, flashlight & spare batteries, protective
gear against the cold & the sun and first-aid kit for their survival,</li>
<li>map and compass to find their way.</li>
</ul>
<div>
<br /></div>
<br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Le terrain</span></i>, c’est le livre, <i>l’histoire à traduire</i>. Il faut en repérer
les difficultés, les pièges, les ravins et se méfier des faux-plats.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Si <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">pour le randonneur le but à atteindre est d’aller du point A au
point B</span></i>, celui du traducteur est de <i>capturer l’essence d’un livre </i>écrite dans
une langue source et de la transcrire dans une langue cible, de faire ressentir aux lecteurs de la langue
cible les émotions que le traducteur a lui-même ressenti lors de sa lecture
dans la langue source.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Tout comme<i><span style="color: #f6b26b;"> le randonneur se repère et se dirige grâce à la carte et à
la boussole</span></i>, la <i>connaissance de la langue source</i> et le <i>contexte </i>permettent au
traducteur de s’atteler à la tache. La première nous <i>évite de tomber dans les
écueils</i> et nous permet de <i>déchiffrer les subtilités</i>. Le second sert de <i>fil d’Ariane</i>,
il s’agit du contexte et de la poétique de l’auteur – le vocabulaire, la syntaxe, les idiosyncrasies, le sel culturel.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">The field</span></i> is the
book, <i>the story to be translated</i>. You have to identify its difficulties, its
traps, its gullies and to be wary of its false flats.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">If <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">the hiker’s goal
to reach is to go from point A to point B</span></i>, the translator’s one is<i> to capture
the essence of a book</i> written in a source language and to transcribe it, </span><span lang="EN-US">to make
the target-language-speaking readers feel the emotions the translator felt
themselves during their reading in the source language.</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Just like <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">the hiker
spots their location and finds their way thanks to the map and compass</span></i>, the
<i>command of the source language</i> and <i>context </i>allow the translator to tackle
their task. The former </span><span lang="EN-US"><i>prevents you from falling into pitfalls </i>and enables
you <i>to decipher the subtleties</i>. The latter serves as <i>Ariadne’s thread</i>, it’s
about </span><span lang="EN-US">context and the
author’s poetic licence</span><span lang="EN-US"> – vocabulary, syntax, idiosyncrasies, cultural
flavor</span><span lang="EN-US">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
A fortiori lors d’une marche en solo, <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">le randonneur doit s’assurer d’être
en bonne condition physique, d’avoir les chaussures adéquates et pourquoi pas
un bâton de marche</span></i>.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Il en va de même pour le traducteur : il entretient sa <i>maîtrise
de la langue cible</i> (c’est-à-dire sa langue maternelle), il s’équipe de
<i>dictionnaires </i>et parfois d’autres outils linguistiques pour assurer sa
progression.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Even more so if they’re
going solo, <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">the hiker has to make sure they are in good shape, they wear fitting
footwear and why not a hiking stick.</span></i></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">It also applies to
the translator: they have to maintain their <i>command of the target language</i> (namely
their mother tongue), to gear up with <i>dictionaries </i>and sometimes with other linguistic
tools in order to insure their progression.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Ensuite, <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">vient la préparation du sac-à-dos, à commencer par l’essentiel
au bien-être du randonneur :</span></i> l’eau, le casse-croûte, le couchage, une
trousse de toilette et des vêtements.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Comme tout être humain, randonneur et
traducteur doivent s’hydrater, se sustenter, faire des pauses, prendre soin
de soi et se changer.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Dans le sac-à-dos du randonneur <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">se trouvera également du cordage, un couteau
de survie, un briquet, un lampe torche et ses piles de rechange, de quoi se
protéger du froid et du soleil, sans oublier la trousse de secours en cas de
pépin.</span></i><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
En cas de difficulté, le traducteur lui sera armé de ses <i>procéder de
traduction</i> : l’adaptation, l’emprunt, le calque, la compensation, la
paraphrase et la note de traduction. Et si vraiment ça coince, que l’on trébuche
ou que l’on a un doute, sauf exception,
<i>l’auteur sera ravi d’éclairer nos lanternes</i>, alors pourquoi hésiter à <s>recourir au
joker Appel à un ami</s> correspondre avec lui ?</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Then comes <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">the
preparation of the backpack, starting with the essential to the hiker’s
well-being:</span></i> water, snacks, sleeping bag, toilet kit and clothes.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Just like any other
human being, hiker and translator have to keep hydrating, feed, take breaks,
take care of themselves and change.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Inside a hiker’s
backpack, you’ll <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">also find </span></i></span><span lang="EN-GB"><i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">rope, survival knife, lighter, flashlight and spare batteries, protective
gear against the cold and the sun, not forgetting the first-aid kit in case
of mishap.</span></i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">As for the
translator, should there be a problem, they’ll arm themselves with
<i>translation procedures</i>: adaptation, borrowing, calque, compensation,
paraphrase and translator’s note. And if really there is a hitch, you stumble
or you have a doubt about something, </span><span lang="EN-US">exception aside, t<i>he author will be delighted
to provide us with enlightenment</i>, so why not <s>resort to the Phone-a-Friend
lifeline</s> get in touch with them?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><br /></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
Mac's bloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16690326398313716473noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8474653329900509621.post-4369849004981488272014-10-10T07:41:00.000-07:002015-04-08T15:49:01.158-07:00[Fr] Le Corbeau d'E.A. Poe ¤ [En] The Raven by E.A. Poe<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; text-align: justify;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div style="text-align: center;">
<i><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">[Fr]</span></b></i></div>
<br /></td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<i style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">[En]</span></b></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Rien que pour le plaisir et anecdotiquement parce que le 7 octobre
dernier était le 165<sup>ème</sup> anniversaire de la mort d’<i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Edgar Allan Poe</span></b></i>,
voici ma traduction des deux premières strophes du <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">plus célèbre de ses
poèmes</span></i>.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
N’en déplaise à <i>William Little Hughes</i> (1862 ?), <i>Charles Baudelaire</i>
(1865), <i>Stéphane Mallarmé </i>(1875) et <i>Maurice Rollinat</i> (1926) pour leur
traduction.</div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Just for fun and on a side note because the last 7<sup>th</sup> of October was the 165<sup>th</sup>
anniversary of <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Edgar Allan Poe’s</span></b></i> passing, here is the first two stanzas of
<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/17192/17192-h/17192-h.htm" target="_blank"><i>his most famous poem</i></a>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">With all due respect
to <i>William Little Hughes</i> (1862?), <i>Charles Baudelaire</i> (1865), <i>Stéphane Mallarmé</i>
(1875) and <i>Maurice Rollinat</i> (1926) for their translation.</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 464.4pt;" valign="top" width="619"><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq" style="text-align: left;">
<i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary,<br /> Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore —<br /> While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping,<br /> As of some one gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door.<br /> “ ’Tis some visiter,” I muttered, “tapping at my chamber door —</span></i><br />
<div style="text-align: right;">
<i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Only this and nothing more.”</span></i></div>
<i><span style="color: #f6b26b;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span>Ah, distinctly I remember it was in the bleak December;<br />And each separate dying ember wrought its ghost upon the floor.<br />Eagerly I wished the morrow; — vainly I had sought to borrow<br />From my books surcease of sorrow — sorrow for the lost Lenore —<br />For the rare and radiant maiden whom the angels name Lenore — </span></i><br />
<div style="text-align: right;">
<i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Nameless here for evermore.<b> </b></span></i></div>
</blockquote>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq" style="text-align: left;">
<i>Par une mi-nuit funeste, alors que je méditais, faible et fatigué,<br />Sur maints étranges et singuliers volumes de traditions surannées –<br />Alors qu’assoupi je dodelinais de la tête, soudain se fit un tapotement,<br />Comme si doucement l’on grattait, grattait à la porte de ma chambre.<br />« Quelque visiteur ce doit être, marmonnais-je, qui tapote à la porte de ma chambre –</i><br />
<div style="text-align: right;">
<i>Rien que cela et rien de plus. » </i></div>
<i><br />Ah ! je garde le souvenir clair et distinct de ce décembre glacial ;<br />Et chacune des braises agonisantes ciselait son spectre sur le plancher.<br />Ardemment ai-je désiré le petit matin ; – vainement ai-je cherché à emprunter<br />De mes livres un sursis au chagrin – chagrin pour l’éteinte Lénore –<br />Pour cette nymphe radieuse et précieuse que les anges nomment Lénore – </i><br />
<div style="text-align: right;">
<i>Qu’on ne nommera céans jamais plus<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt;">.</span></i></div>
</blockquote>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-eMMift0UlI0/VDflsR6LpnI/AAAAAAAAAV8/C8IL84ByR1w/s1600/606px-Edgar_Allan_Poe_Signature.svg.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-eMMift0UlI0/VDflsR6LpnI/AAAAAAAAAV8/C8IL84ByR1w/s1600/606px-Edgar_Allan_Poe_Signature.svg.png" height="73" width="200" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
Mac's bloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16690326398313716473noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8474653329900509621.post-75818669335168432652014-09-28T16:32:00.001-07:002015-01-29T07:11:29.798-08:00[Fr] Catch-22 quésaco ? ¤ [En] Catch-22 whatzis?<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; text-align: justify;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<i><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">[Fr]</span></b></i><o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<i><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">[En]</span></b></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">That’s a real Catch-22.</span></b></i><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Chose curieuse, une fois que vous tombez sur une expression typique, propre
à une culture, elle ne cesse d’apparaître ici et là les jours qui suivent.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Catch-22</span></b></i> fait partie de ces expressions issues d’un
film ou d’un roman populaire qui deviennent idiomatiques et font la richesse
d’une culture. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">That’s a real Catch-22.</span></b></i><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Funny thing is, once you stumble upon a typical expression, specific
to a culture, it never stops popping up here and there throughout the
following days.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Catch-22</span></i></b> is one of those expressions taken from a popular movie or
novel that turn into colloquialisms and make the wealth of a culture.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 464.4pt;" valign="top" width="619"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
</div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-JW-VkYU0vew/VMpK5Lf0lyI/AAAAAAAAAyw/kH9NNoFJWf0/s1600/catch22.cov_small.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-JW-VkYU0vew/VMpK5Lf0lyI/AAAAAAAAAyw/kH9NNoFJWf0/s1600/catch22.cov_small.png" height="400" width="270" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i><b><a href="http://www.american-buddha.com/lit.catch22.toc.htm" target="_blank">Source</a></b></i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><i>I ¤ Origine</i></b><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
L’expression américaine vient du roman <a href="http://catch-22/" target="_blank"><i><b>Catch-22</b></i></a> de <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Joseph Heller</span></b></i> (1961).<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i>Livre culte des pacifistes opposés à la guerre du Viêt Nam</i>, ce roman
satirique met en scène une escadron d’aviateurs au cours de la Seconde Guerre
Mondiale – dont le <i>héros tragi-comique : John Yossarian, Capitaine de
l’US Air Force et navigateur-bombardier de B-25</i> – basée sur la petite île
italienne de Pianosa.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Catch-22</span></i></b> fait référence à l’article 22 du règlement de la base de l'US Air Force:
<i>Quiconque veut être dispensé d'aller au feu n'est pas complètement fou.</i><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><b>I ¤ Origin</b></i><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
The American expression comes from <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Joseph Heller’s</span></b></i> novel <a href="http://www.amazon.fr/Catch-22-50th-Anniversary-Joseph-Heller-ebook/dp/B0048WQDIE/ref=sr_1_5?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1411327345&sr=1-5&keywords=catch-22" target="_blank"><b><i>Catch-22</i></b></a> (1961).<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i>Cult book of the anti-Vietnam-War pacifists</i>, this satirical novel
stages a squadron of pilots during the Second World War – among them the
<i>tragic-comic hero: John Yossarian, US Air Force Captain and B-25 bombardier</i> –
stationed on the small Italian island Pianosa.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Catch-22</span></b></i> refers to point 22 of the US Air Force base regulations: <i>Anyone who wants to get out of
combat duty isn't really crazy.</i><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 464.4pt;" valign="top" width="619"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-WWHmKXxWISc/VMpLSOULsRI/AAAAAAAAAy4/FFPvDiCP2sA/s1600/Joseph%2BHeller%2Bin%2Bhis%2BNew%2BYork%2BCity%2Boffice%2C%2B1965.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-WWHmKXxWISc/VMpLSOULsRI/AAAAAAAAAy4/FFPvDiCP2sA/s1600/Joseph%2BHeller%2Bin%2Bhis%2BNew%2BYork%2BCity%2Boffice%2C%2B1965.png" height="277" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/2011/08/heller-201108" target="_blank"><i><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Joseph Heller dans son bureau de New York City, 1965</span></b></i></a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><b>II ¤ La source</b></i><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Voici un extrait du <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Chapitre 5</span></i> du
roman de <i>Joseph Heller</i> où la notion est explicitée :<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><b>Yossorian le considéra posément et tenta une autre approche : « Orr est-il cinglé ?<br />— Et comment qu’il l’est, répondit Doc Daneeka.<br />— Pouvez-vous le réaffecter au sol ?<br />— Et comment que je peux. Mais il doit d'abord m'en faire la demande. C'est la règle.<br />— Alors pourquoi ne le fait-il pas ?<br />— Parce qu’il est cinglé, fit Doc Daneeka. Il ne peut qu’être cinglé pour continuer les missions de combats aériens après l’avoir autant échappé belle. Bien sûr, je peux </b></span></i><i><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><b>réaffecter Orr au sol</b></span></i><i><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><b>. Mais il doit d'abord m'en faire la demande.<br />— Il n’a que ça à faire pour qu’on le </b></span></i><i><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><b>réaffecte au sol</b></span></i><i><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><b> ?<br />— Que ça. Qu’il en m'en fasse la demande.<br />— Et ensuite vous pouvez le </b></span></i><i><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><b>réaffecter au sol</b></span></i><i><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><b> ? demanda Yossarian.<br />— Non. Ensuite je ne peux pas le réaffecter au sol.<br />— Vous voulez dire qu’il y a un hic ?<br />— Bien sûr qu’il y a un hic, répliqua Doc Daneeka. <span style="color: #f6b26b;">Clause 22 : Quiconque veut être dispensé d'aller au feu n'est pas complètement fou.</span> »<br /><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Il n’y avait qu’un seul hic et c’était la Clause 22</span>, il stipule que de s’inquiéter de sa sécurité face à un danger réel et immédiat était le fruit d’un esprit rationnel. Orr était fou et pouvait être réaffecté au sol. Tout ce qu’il devait faire c’était d'en faire la demande – et dès lors qu’il le faisait, il n’était plus considéré comme fou et devait partir en missions de combats aériens. Orr serait fou de partir </b></span></i><i><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><b>sur plus de missions </b></span></i><i><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><b>et sain d’esprit s’il ne le faisait pas, mais s’il était sain d’esprit il devait y aller. S’il partait en mission, il était fou et n’était pas tenu de partir ; s’il ne voulait pas, il était sain d’esprit et devait partir. Yossarian était bouleversé au plus haut point par la simplicité indiscutable de cette Clause 22 et laissa échapper un sifflement empreint de respect.<br />« <span style="color: #f6b26b;">Ça, c’est du hic, cette Clause 22</span>, observa-t-il.<br />— On ne peut pas faire mieux, acquiesça Doc Daneeka. »</b></span></i></blockquote>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><b>II ¤ The source</b></i><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Here is an excerpt from <a href="http://www.american-buddha.com/lit.catch22.toc.htm" target="_blank"><i>Chapter 5</i></a> of <i>Joseph Heller’</i>s novel in which the notion is made plain obvious:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><b>Yossarian looked at him soberly and tried another approach. "Is
Orr crazy?"<br />"He sure is," Doc Daneeka said.<br />"Can you ground him?"<br />"I sure can. But first he has to ask me to. That's part of the
rule."<br />"Then why doesn't he ask you to?"<br />"Because he's crazy," Doc Daneeka said. "He has to be crazy to
keep flying combat missions after all the close calls he's had. Sure, I can
ground Orr. But first he has to ask me to."<br />"That's all he has to do to be grounded?"<br />"That's all. Let him ask me."<br />"And then you can ground him?" Yossarian asked.<br />"No. Then I can't ground him."<br />"You mean there's a catch?"<br />"Sure there's a catch," Doc Daneeka replied. <span style="color: #f6b26b;">"Catch-22. Anyone
who wants to get out of combat duty isn't really crazy."</span><br /><span style="color: #f6b26b;">There was only one catch and that was Catch-22</span>, which specified that a
concern for one's safety in the face of dangers that were real and immediate
was the process of a rational mind. Orr was crazy and could be grounded. All
he had to do was ask; and as soon as he did, he would no longer be crazy and
would have to fly more missions. Orr would be crazy to fly more missions and
sane if he didn't, but if he was sane he had to fly them. If he flew them he
was crazy and didn't have to; but if he didn't want to he was sane and had
to. Yossarian was moved very deeply by the absolute simplicity of this clause
of Catch-22 and let out a respectful whistle.<br />"<span style="color: #f6b26b;">That's some catch, that Catch-22</span>," he observed.<br />"It's the best there is," Doc Daneeka agreed.</b></span></i></blockquote>
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><b>III ¤ La logique d'un 'Catch-22'</b></i><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
La formulation logique de la situation peut être décrite comme
suit :<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">#1 Prédicat (D <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">®</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span>(F <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">Ù</span> E)) :</span></i><br />
Pour qu'un individu soit dispensé de vol (D) au motif de la folie, il doit à la fois être fou (F) et demander à être évalué (E).<br />
<br />
<i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">#2 Prédicat (F <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">®</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span>¬E) :</span></i><br />
Un individu fou (F) ne demande pas à être évalué (¬E) parce qu'il n'a pas conscience d'être fou.<br />
<br />
<span style="color: #f6b26b;"><i>#3 Implication de #2 (¬F <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">Ú</span> ¬E) :</i></span><br />
Soit l'individu n'est pas fou (¬F), soit il ne demande pas être évalué (¬E)<br />
<br />
<i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">#4 Règles d'algèbre booléennes appliquées à #3 (¬(F <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">Ù</span> E)) :</span></i><br />
Aucun individu ne peut à la fois être fou (F) et demandé à être évalué (E).<br />
<br />
<i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">#5 Déduction faite de #1 et #4 (¬D) :</span></i><br />
Donc, aucun individu ne peut être dispensé de vol (¬D) puisqu'aucun individu ne peut à la fois être fou et demandé à être évalué.<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><b>III ¤ The logic of a 'Catch-22'<o:p></o:p></b></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
The logical formulation of the situation can be seen as such:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<span style="color: #f6b26b;"><i>#1 Premise (E <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">®</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span>(I <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">Ù</span> R)):</i></span><br />
For a person to be excused from flying (E) on the grounds of insanity, they must both be insane (I) and have requested an evaluation (R).<br />
<br />
<span style="color: #f6b26b;"><i>#2 Premise (I <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">®</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span>¬R):</i></span><br />
An insane person (I) does not request an evaluation (¬R) because they do not realize they are insane.<br />
<br />
<span style="color: #f6b26b;"><i>#3 Implication of #2 (¬I <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">Ú</span> ¬R):</i></span><br />
Every person is either not insane (¬I) or does not request an evaluation (¬R).<br />
<br />
<span style="color: #f6b26b;"><i>#4 Boolean algebra laws applied to #3 (¬(I <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">Ù</span> R)):</i></span><br />
No person can be both insane (I) and request an evaluation (R).<br />
<br />
<span style="color: #f6b26b;"><i>#5 By inference from #1 and #4 (¬E):</i></span><br />
Therefore, no person can be excused from flying (¬E) because no person can be both insane and have requested an evaluation.<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 464.4pt;" valign="top" width="619"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-XkCfkXMtDkU/VMpLjsNBTiI/AAAAAAAAAzA/5N3t71oxYCQ/s1600/Crazy%2BCaptain%2BSparrow.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-XkCfkXMtDkU/VMpLjsNBTiI/AAAAAAAAAzA/5N3t71oxYCQ/s1600/Crazy%2BCaptain%2BSparrow.png" height="256" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><i><a href="http://www.funnyjunk.com/It+s+that+Catch+22/funny-pictures/4888279/" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Source</span></a></i></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><i>IV ¤ La notion</i></b><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Le roman de <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Joseph Heller</span></b></i> a eu un tel succès à l’époque de sa
parution que le titre <b><i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Catch-22</span></i></b> est très vite passé dans le
langage courant américain.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Que ce soit le <a href="http://dictionary.cambridge.org/" target="_blank">Cambridge Dictionary</a>, le<a href="http://www.ldoceonline.com/" target="_blank">Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English</a> ou le <a href="http://www.macmillandictionary.com/" target="_blank">MacMillan Dictionary</a>, l’expression <b><i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Catch-22</span></i></b> est défini par <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">une situation impossible
où vous êtes dans l’incapacité de faire une chose à moins d’en avoir faite
une autre que vous ne pouvez pas faire tant que la première n’a pas été
faite</span></i>.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Définition qui correspond à la situation vécue par les héros du roman.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Le <a href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary" target="_blank">Merriam-Webster</a> et
le <a href="http://www.collinsdictionary.com/" target="_blank">Collins</a> apportent
une définition alternative en plus de la définition initiale. L’expression <b><i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Catch-22</span></i></b> est défini par <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">une situation présentant deux alternatives
aussi indésirable l’une que l’autre</span></i> – en d’autres termes une situation
inextricable, une situation sans issue ou tout simplement, une situation
perdant-perdant.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Cette définition fait l’impasse sur le lien d’exclusion mutuelle qui
existe entre chaque alternative.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Seul le <a href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary" target="_blank">Merriam-Webster</a> apporte en complément des définitions
simplifiées de <b><i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Catch-22</span></i></b>. L’expression décrit <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">une situation illogique, absurde
ou insensée</span></i> (soit une situation ubuesque), <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">une mesure ou règle
dont l’effet est contraire à celui escompté</span></i> ou <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">une difficulté
cachée ou une manière de tendre un piège</span></i> (soit une entourloupe ou une embuscade).<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
L’expression est <i>souvent employée à mauvais escient</i> et caractérise
ces définitions simplifiées données par le <a href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary" target="_blank">Merriam-Webster</a> et
le <a href="http://www.collinsdictionary.com/" target="_blank">Collins</a>.
A tel point que pour insister sur le fait que l’on l’emploie pour
caractériser son sens premier, l’expression devient <span style="color: #f6b26b;"><i><b>a real Catch-22</b></i></span>. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><b>IV ¤ The notion</b></i><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Joseph Heller’s</span></b></i> novel was such a success at the time it came out that
the title <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Catch-22</span></b></i> quite soon became part of the American everyday speech.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Whether it be the <a href="http://dictionary.cambridge.org/" target="_blank">Cambridge Dictionary</a>, the <a href="http://www.ldoceonline.com/" target="_blank">Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English</a> or the <a href="http://www.macmillandictionary.com/" target="_blank">MacMillan Dictionary</a>, the colloquialism <b><i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Catch-22</span></i></b> is defined as
<i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">an impossible situation where you
are prevented from doing one thing until you have done another
thing that you cannot do until you have done the first thing</span></i>.<br />
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Definition in accordance with the situation experienced by the heroes
of the novel.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
The <a href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary" target="_blank">Merriam-Webster</a> and the <a href="http://www.collinsdictionary.com/" target="_blank">Collins</a> provide an
alternative definition on top of the original one. The colloquialism <b><i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Catch-22</span></i></b> is
defined as <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">a situation presenting two equally undesirable alternatives</span></i> – in
other words an impossible position, a dead-end or simply a lose-lose
situation.<br />
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
This definition misses out the link of mutual exclusion existing
between both alternatives<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Only the <a href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary" target="_blank">Merriam-Webster</a> provides complementary simplified
definitions of <b><i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Catch-22</span></i></b>. The colloquialism describes <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">an illogical,
unreasonable, or senseless situation</span></i> (that is to say an Ubuesque situation),
<i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">a measure or policy whose effect is the opposite of what was intended</span></i> or <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">a hidden difficulty or means of entrapment </span></i>(that is to say a catch or an
ambush).<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
The colloquialism <i>often is unwisely used</i> and characterizes those
simplified definitions given by the <a href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary" target="_blank">Merriam-Webster</a>
and the <a href="http://www.collinsdictionary.com/" target="_blank">Collins</a>.
So much so that in order to underline the fact that it is used to
characterize its primary sense, the colloquialism becomes <span style="color: #f6b26b;"><i><b>a real Catch-22</b></i></span>.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><b>V ¤ Traductions française existantes et remarques</b></i><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
En 1964, de part <a href="http://www.gallimard.fr/Catalogue/GALLIMARD/Editions-originales/L-Attrape-nigaud" target="_blank">la traduction même du roman de Joseph Heller par Pierre Singer</a>, <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">a
catch-22</span></i> est <i>un attrape-nigaud</i>.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><b>Un attrape-nigaud</b></i> est une ruse grossière et se traduit par <i>confidence
trick</i>.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Or, par principe, la traduction d’un néologisme par un terme ou une
expression du langage courant me paraît inadéquate.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
En 1986, l’<a href="http://gdt.oqlf.gouv.qc.ca/ficheOqlf.aspx?Id_Fiche=17039112" target="_blank">Office Québécois de la Langue Française</a> privilégie les termes <i><b>impasse</b></i>, <i><b>situation sans issue</b></i> et <i><b>cercle vicieux</b></i>. Chacun de ces termes ont des
équivalents anglais : respectivement <i>impasse</i>, <i>dead-end</i> et <i>vicious circle</i>.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Si <i><b>les deux premiers termes</b></i> correspondent aux <i>définitions simplifiées de
l’expression</i> <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Catch-22</span></b></i>, <i><b>le troisième</b></i> lui correspond à <i>un ensemble de causes et
d’effets qui dégradent une situation</i>.<br />
Or une situation qui se dégrade n’est
pas, par définition, une situation impossible.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Pour le <a href="http://www.larousse.fr/dictionnaires/anglais-francais/catch-22/568949" target="_blank">Larousse</a>,
il s’agit d’<i>une situation sans issue</i> ou d’<i>un cercle vicieux</i>.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Pour le <a href="http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english-french/catch-22" target="_blank">Collins</a>,
il s’agit d’<i>une situation inextricable</i>.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
De la même manière, <i><b>le terme</b></i> correspond à l<i>’une des définitions
simplifiées de l’expression</i> et possède son équivalent anglais :
<i>impossible position</i>.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><b>V ¤ Existing French translations & remarks</b></i><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
In 1964, because of <a href="http://www.gallimard.fr/Catalogue/GALLIMARD/Editions-originales/L-Attrape-nigaud" target="_blank">the very translation of Joseph Heller's novel by Pierre Singer</a>, <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">a catch 22</span></i> is <i>un attrape-nigaud.</i><br />
<b><i>Un </i><i>attrape-nigaud</i></b> is a cheap trick and is translated by <i>confidence trick.</i><br />
Now, out of principle, translating a neologism by a term or an expression of the common language seems inappropriate to me.<br />
<br />
In 1986, the <a href="http://gdt.oqlf.gouv.qc.ca/ficheOqlf.aspx?Id_Fiche=17039112" target="_blank">Office Québécois de la Langue Française</a> favoured the terms <i><b>impasse</b></i>, <i><b>situation sans issue</b></i> and <i><b>cercle vicieux</b></i>. Each of these terms has an English equivalent: respectively, <i>impasse</i>, <i>dead-end</i> and <i>vicious circle</i>.<br />
If <i><b>the first two terms</b></i> correspond to the <i>simplified definitions of the </i><i>colloquialism </i><i><span style="color: #f6b26b;"><b>Catch-22</b></span></i>, <i><b>the third</b></i> corresponds instead to <i>a series of causes and effects that gradually damages a situation.</i><br />
However a situation that is gradually damaged is not, by definition, an impossible situation.<br />
<br />
According to the <a href="http://www.larousse.fr/dictionnaires/anglais-francais/catch-22/568949" target="_blank">Larousse</a>, it is about <i>une situation sans issue</i> or <i>un cercle vicieux</i>.<br />
<br />
According to the <a href="http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english-french/catch-22" target="_blank">Collins</a>, it is about <i>une situation inextricable</i>.<br />
Similarily, <i style="font-weight: bold;">the term </i> corresponds to <i>one of the simplified definitions of the colloquialism</i> and has its English equivalent: <i>impossible position</i>.<br />
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 464.4pt;" valign="top" width="619"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-M_ciRDVltaQ/VMpMA479tHI/AAAAAAAAAzM/EqWP-xXwua8/s1600/Carte%2B%C3%AEle%2Bde%2BPianosa.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-M_ciRDVltaQ/VMpMA479tHI/AAAAAAAAAzM/EqWP-xXwua8/s1600/Carte%2B%C3%AEle%2Bde%2BPianosa.png" height="250" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i><b><a href="https://www.google.fr/maps/place/%C3%8Ele+de+Pianosa,+Italie/@42.5855562,10.07661,614320m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m2!3m1!1s0x12d7afe7254c356d:0x2a43c8ebe83da9d9" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Île de Pianosa, théâtre d'opération fictif du roman de Joseph Heller</span></a></b></i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><i>VI ¤ Réflexions et proposition</i></b><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
La première traduction française du roman de <b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Pierre Singer</span></b> date de
1964 et la seconde, de <b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Brice Matthieussent</span></b>, de 2004. Le roman de <b><i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Joseph
Heller</span></i></b> a eu un tel succès à l’époque de sa parution en 1961 que <b><i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Catch-22</span></i></b> est très vite passée dans le langage courant
américain. Que la traduction sorte 3 ou 43 ans après l’original, la question
reste la même : <i>traduire ou ne pas traduire le titre ?</i><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Si on parle <b>d’article </b>pour une loi, on parle de <b>point </b>ou de <b>clause
</b> pour un règlement particulier (d'une base militaire ou non).</span></i><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Si <i><b>article</b></i> et <i><b>point</b></i> ont une connotation
pour le moins neutre et évoquent quelque chose de carré, il en va tout
autrement pour <i><b>clause</b></i>. Dans l’inconscient collectif français, la <i><b>clause
</b></i> fait penser à cette note de bas de page qui passe généralement inaperçue, une
condition de derrière les fagots qui ne penche
généralement pas en notre faveur. <i><b>Clause </b></i>a donc une
connotation plutôt négative.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #f6b26b;">Dans le cas du roman de Joseph Heller, <i><b>le point 22</b></i> du règlement de la base de l'USAF est
une condition bien particulière </span>: une condition qui autorise au commandement
de la base de faire tout ce qui ne peut lui être empêché (<i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Chapitre 39</span></i>) et dont
on ne peut prouver si elle existe vraiment puisque personne ne l’a jamais lue et que
personne n’est autorisé à la lire de par <i><b>le point 22</b></i> (<i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Chapitre 40</span></i>).<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Son but est d’interdire à un soldat de faire ou d’obtenir ce qu’il
serait en droit de faire ou d’obtenir.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><b>Le point 22</b></i> n’est donc pas tant <i><b>un point </b></i>de règlement de la base qu’une
condition de derrière les fagots du genre de ces notes de bas de page. On
appellera donc <i><b>le point 22 la clause 22</b></i>.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><b>VI ¤ Reflections & proposition</b></i><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
The<b><span style="color: #f6b26b;"> </span></b>first French translation of the novel by <b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Pierre Singer </span></b>dates from 1964 and the<b><span style="color: #f6b26b;"> </span></b>second, by <b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Brice Matthieussent</span></b>, dates from 2004. <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Joseph Heller's</span></b></i> novel was such a hit at the time of its publication in 1961 that the <b><i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Catch-22</span></i></b> very soon passed into the common American language. Whether the translation be published 3 or 43 years after the original, the question remains the same: should the title be translated or not?<br />
<br />
<i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">If you talk about an article of law, you talk about a point or a clause of specific regulations (milirary or not).</span></i><br />
If <i style="font-weight: bold;">article </i>and <i><b>point</b></i> have a rather neutral connotation and evoke something straightforward, the same certainly cannot be said for <i style="font-weight: bold;">clause</i>. In French collective unconscious, the <i style="font-weight: bold;">clause</i> calls this footnote that generally goes unnoticed to mind, a condition from under the counter that generally doesn't tip the scale in our favour. <i style="font-weight: bold;">Clause</i> hence has a rather negatvie connotation.<br />
<br />
<span style="color: #f6b26b;">In the case of Joseph Heller's novel, <i><b>le </b></i><b><i>point 22</i></b> is quite a special condition </span><span style="color: #f6b26b;">of the USAF base regulations</span>: a condition that allows base command to do anything they can't be stopped from doing (<a href="http://www.american-buddha.com/lit.catch22.toc.htm" target="_blank"><i>Chapter 39</i></a>) and of which very existence can't bo proved since noone ever read it and noone is allowed to read it because of <i><b>le point 22</b></i> (<a href="http://www.american-buddha.com/lit.catch22.toc.htm" target="_blank"><i>Chapter 40</i></a>).<br />
Its aim is to forbid a soldier to do or obtain what they should have the right to do or obtain.<br />
Then <i><b>le point 22</b></i> isn't so much <i><b>un point </b></i>of the base regulations as a condition from under the counter of the footnote kind. <i><b>Le point 22</b></i> will then be called <i><b>la clause 22</b></i>.<br />
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Puisque <b><i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Catch-22</span></i></b> fait référence au point 22 du règlement de la base, l’idée de traduire le terme <i><b>catch </b></i>en utilisant <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">le
jargon militaire français semblerait acceptable</span></i>. Le terme <i><b>piège à cons</b></i> s’impose alors.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
L’inconvénient de cette option réside dans la disparité entre les registres de langue de la langue source (familier) et de la langue cible
(argot).<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Littéralement</span></i>, et dans le contexte du roman, <i><b>a catch</b></i> est une
difficulté dissimulée ou un obstacle, ce qui se traduirait par <i><b>une
entourloupe</b></i> – <i>mauvaise plaisanterie, propos fantaisistes ou mauvais tour
destinés à duper quelqu'un, irrégularité</i> – ou <i><b>un hic</b></i> – <i>point délicat
ou obstacle majeur</i>. Le registre de langue des langues source et cible sont identiques
(familier).<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Cependant, de par le roman lui-même, <i><b>a catch-22</b></i> est un terme qui
suggère un obstacle majeur plutôt qu’une mauvaise plaisanterie. La clause n’est
en aucun cas un jeu et n’a pas vocation à être drôle; même si l’absurdité des
situations peut prêter à rire jaune. Et la clause est d’autant moins une
irrégularité qu’elle fait partie du règlement de la base, que l’existence même de cette
clause soit avérée ou non.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Traduire <b>a catch</b> par <b>un hic </b>semble alors le plus judicieux.</span></i><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Autre élément qui penche vers cette solution : en anglais
américain, <i><b>un hic</b></i> se dit <i><b>a snag</b></i> et se définit par <i>un point délicat / un
obstacle inattendu ou dissimulé</i>.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Since <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Catch-22</span></b></i> refers to the point 22 of the base regulations, the idea of translating the term <i style="font-weight: bold;">catch</i> by using <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">the French military jargon would seem acceptable</span></i>. Then the term <i style="font-weight: bold;">piège à cons</i> is self-evident.<br />
The disadvantage of this option is the language register discrepancy between the source language (informal) and the target language (slang).<br />
<br />
<i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Literally</span></i>, and in accordance with the context of the novel, <i style="font-weight: bold;">a catch</i> is a hidden difficulty or an obstacle, which could be translated by <i style="font-weight: bold;">une entourloupe</i> – <i>a jibe, fanciful words or a dirty trick meant for duping someone, an irregularity</i> – or <b><i>un hic</i></b> – <i>a tricky point or a major obstacle</i>.<br />
The language register is the same for both the source language and the target language (informal).<br />
However, because of the novel itself, <i style="font-weight: bold;">a catch-22</i> is a term that suggests a major obstacle rather than a dirty trick. The point isn't by any means a game nor is it meant to be funny; even though the absurdity of the situations can give rise to sour laughter. And the point is even less so an irregularity given that it is part of the base regulations, whether its very existence be proven or not.<br />
<i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Then translating <span style="font-weight: bold;">a catch</span> by <span style="font-weight: bold;">un hic </span>seems to be the wisest.</span></i><br />
<br />
Another element in favour of this solution: in American English, <i style="font-weight: bold;">un hic</i> is <i><b>a snag</b></i><b> </b>and is defined as <i>an unexpected or hidden tricky point / obstacle.</i><br />
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Toutefois, si dans <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">That's some catch, that Catch-22!</span></b></i> la
répétition de <i><b>catch </b></i>passe très bien en anglais, son calque en français <i><b>Ça, c’est du hic, ce Hic-22 ! </b></i>ne passe pas du tout, contrairement
à l’adaptation <i><b>Ça, c’est du hic, cette Clause 22 !</b></i><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Forger un mot ne se fait pas aussi facilement en français qu’en
anglais. </span></i><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Voltaire disait :<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><i>N'employez jamais un mot nouveau, à
moins qu'il n'ait ces trois qualités : d'être nécessaire, intelligible,
et sonore. Des idées nouvelles, surtout en physique, exigent des expressions
nouvelles ; mais substituer à un mot d'usage un autre mot qui n'a que le
mérite de la nouveauté, ce n'est pas enrichir la langue, c'est la
gâter.</i></span></blockquote>
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
En l’occurrence, si en anglais on comprend aisément que <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Catch-22 </span></b></i>est le nom donné à un point de règlement de la base, le calque <i><b>Hic-22</b></i> empeste la traduction
or l’art de la traduction est quand même de passer inaperçue aux yeux du
lecteur.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Il est donc plus judicieux de traduire <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">a catch</span></b></i> par <i><b>un hic</b></i> mais de
traduire <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Catch-22</span></b></i> par ce que cela représente concrètement, c’est-à-dire la <i><b>Clause
22.</b></i><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Nevertheless, if in <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">That's some catch, that Catch-22!</span></b></i> the repetition of <i style="font-weight: bold;">catch</i> goes quite smoothly in English, its calque in French <i><b>Ça, c’est du hic, ce Hic-22 ! </b></i>not so much, unlike the adaptation <i><b>Ça, c’est du hic, cette Clause 22 !</b></i><br />
<i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Coining a word isn't as easily done in French as it is in English.</span></i><br />
<br />
Voltaire stated:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><i>Do not ever use a new word, unless it has these three qualities: to be necessary, intelligible and resounding. New ideas, especially in Physics, demand new expressions; but to substitute a common word for another word that has no other virtue than of novelty, it isn't increasing the wealth of a language, it's spoiling it.</i></span></blockquote>
As it happens, if in English it is quite clear that <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Catch-22</span></b></i> stands as the given name of a point of the base regulations, the claque <i><b>Hic-22</b></i> reeks of translation, yet the very art of translating consists in going unnoticed in the reader's eyes.<br />
<br />
So it is wiser to translate <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">a catch</span></b></i> by <i><b>un hic </b></i>but to translate <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Catch-22</span></b></i> by what it stands for in concrete terms, that is to say <i><b>la</b></i> <i><b>Clause 22.</b></i><br />
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 464.4pt;" valign="top" width="619"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-KKHqUAJL12s/VMpMkhnyx0I/AAAAAAAAAzU/wLMcfjR4usM/s1600/The%2BNorth%2BAmerican%2BB-25%2BMitchell.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-KKHqUAJL12s/VMpMkhnyx0I/AAAAAAAAAzU/wLMcfjR4usM/s1600/The%2BNorth%2BAmerican%2BB-25%2BMitchell.png" height="247" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i><b><span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.bamfbamrs.be/B25/B25-en.htm" target="_blank">North American B-25 « Mitchell »</a><br />que Joseph Heller pilotait sur le front Italien lors de la 2nde Guerre Mondiale</span></b></i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><b>VII ¤ Traduction du titre</b></i><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Le titre est important par essence : court ou long, il donne le
ton, il intrigue, il suggère quelque chose, il donne envie au lecteur de le lire ou non.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Si l’auteur choisit un titre, il y a une raison.</span></i> La décision de
traduire ou non le titre ne peut se faire qu’après lecture du roman. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Pierre Singer</span></b></i> a choisi en 1964 de traduire le titre du roman de
<i>Joseph Heller</i> par <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;"><a href="http://www.gallimard.fr/Catalogue/GALLIMARD/Editions-originales/L-Attrape-nigaud" target="_blank">L’attrape-nigaud</a></span></b></i>. <i><b>Un attrape-nigaud</b></i> est par définition une
ruse grossière, ce qui va à l’encontre de la subtilité sournoise de la <i>Clause
22.</i><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
En outre, le titre choisi par <i>Pierre Singer</i> <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">fait l’impasse sur
la spécificité du titre original. </span></i><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Avec <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Catch-22</span></b></i>, le titre original suggère le point 22 d’un règlement
ET un ‘<i>attrape-nigaud</i>’, ce qui n’est pas le cas avec le titre de <i>Pierre
Singer </i>où il manque le second élément.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
A l’inverse, en 2004 <a href="http://grasset.fr/catch-22-9782246269328" target="_blank"><i><b>Brice Matthieussent</b> a choisi de ne pas traduire le titre</i></a> et de le conserver tel quel alors qu’il a traduit <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Catch-22</span></b></i> par <i><b>Article
22</b></i> tout au long du roman.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Cette décision peut se comprendre. Le contexte du roman est
typiquement américain, et le roman a eu un tel succès à sa sortie en 1961 que
son titre en est devenu une expression.<br />
Certes, le traducteur explique l'expression dans
son <i>Avant-propos du traducteur</i>.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Cependant, expliquer en avant-propos que <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Catch-22</span></b></i> est une ‘entourloupe’
ET le point 22 d'un règlement afin de situer l'action pour le lecteur francophone, parce qu’on a décidé de
conserver le titre original tel quel,<i><span style="color: #f6b26b;"> brise l’intention même du titre choisi par
l’auteur</span></i>.<br />
<i><b>Le lecteur américain</b></i> sait d’entrée de jeu qu’il s’agit d’une ‘entourloupe’
et très probablement du point 22 d’un règlement d'une base de l'USAF.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
A moins d'une allusion précise dans le résumé en 4ème de couverture, <i style="font-weight: bold;">le lecteur francophone</i> ne comprendra pas forcément le titre
original et ne lira pas forcément l’avant-propos.
Il sera dans le flou jusqu’au <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Chapitre 5</span></i> où Doc Daneeka énonce clairement que
le point 22 est une ‘entourloupe.’<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Enfin pourquoi creuser un écart entre le titre et le roman
lui-même ?<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
La raison réside très probablement dans le fait que la dualité du titre original ne se retrouve pas
dans <i><b>Article 22</b></i>.<br />
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #f6b26b;">D’où ma suggestion <i><b>Clause 22</b></i> pour le titre, qui conserve la dualité du
titre original (cf. point <i>VI</i>).</span><br />
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><b>VII ¤ Translation of the title</b></i><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
The title is important in essence: short or lengthy, it sets the tone, it puzzles, it suggests something, it makes the reader want to read or not.<br />
<i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">If the author chooses a title, there's a reason.</span></i> The decision of translating or not the title can only by taken after the read of the novel.<br />
<br />
<i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Pierre Singer</span></b></i> chose in 1964 to translate the title of <i>Joseph Heller</i>'s novel by <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;"><a href="http://www.gallimard.fr/Catalogue/GALLIMARD/Editions-originales/L-Attrape-nigaud" target="_blank">L'attrape-nigaud</a></span></b></i>. <i style="font-weight: bold;">Un attrape-nigaud</i> is by definition a cheap trick, which goes against the sneaky subtlety of the <i>Catch-22</i>.<br />
Moreover, the title chosen by<span style="color: #f6b26b;"> </span><i>Pierre Singer <span style="color: #f6b26b;">misses out the specificity of the original title</span></i>.<br />
With <i style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Catch-22</span></i>, the original title evokes regulations point 22 AND ‘<i>a</i> <i>catch</i>’, which is not the case with <i>Pierre Singer</i>'s title in which the second elements is missing.<br />
<br />
On the contrary, in 2004 <i><a href="http://grasset.fr/catch-22-9782246269328" target="_blank"><b>Brice Matthieussent </b>chose not to translate the title</a> </i>and to keep it just it is even though he translated <i style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Catch-22</span></i> by <i style="font-weight: bold;">Article 22</i> throughout the novel.<br />
This decision is understandable. The context of the novel is American through and through, and the novel was such a hit at the time of its publication the title became a colloquialism.<br />
Granted, the translator gives an explanation of the colloquialism in his <i>Translator's Foreword</i>.<br />
However, to explain in a foreword that <i style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Catch-22</span></i> was a catch AND regulations point 22 in order to place the plot for the French-speaking readers, because one decided to keep the original title as it was, <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">breaks the very purpose of the title chosen by the author</span></i>.<br />
<i style="font-weight: bold;">The American reader</i> knows right from the start it's about a catch and most likely about the point 22 of a USAF base regulations.<br />
Unless the synopsis on the back cover is clearly alluding to it, <i><b>t</b></i><i style="font-weight: bold;">he French-speaking reader </i>will not necessarily understand the original title nor would he necessarily read the foreword up untill <i><a href="http://www.american-buddha.com/lit.catch22.toc.htm" target="_blank">Chapter 5</a></i> in which Doc Daneeka clearly expresses that point 22 is a catch.<br />
Lastly, why digging a gap between the title and the novel itself?<br />
<br />
The reason probably lies in the fact that the duality of the original title is missing in <i style="font-weight: bold;">Article 22</i>.<br />
<br />
<span style="color: #f6b26b;">Hence my suggestion of <i style="font-weight: bold;">Clause 22</i> as a title, which preserves the duality of the original title (see point <i>VI</i>).</span><br />
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 464.4pt;" valign="top" width="619"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-5UXHRA8n9o0/VMpM1_kYI9I/AAAAAAAAAzc/oE4EuLR5BpU/s1600/The-Pinnochio-Paradox.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-5UXHRA8n9o0/VMpM1_kYI9I/AAAAAAAAAzc/oE4EuLR5BpU/s1600/The-Pinnochio-Paradox.png" height="169" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.zetalambmary.com/the-paradox-of-telling-others-its-not-right-to-make-normative-judgments/" target="_blank"><i><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Source</span></b></i></a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br /></div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><i>VIII ¤ Traductions possibles de l'expression</i></b><o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Revenons à l’expression à la source de cette réflexion : <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">That’s
a real Catch-22</span></b></i>.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Si le titre du roman de <i>Joseph Heller</i> est passé dans le langage
courant américain, c’est bien qu’il n’existait pas de mot ou d’expression
propre à la situation décrite dans le roman. Il n’y a donc pas de réel
équivalent à l’expression <i><b>Catch-22</b></i>. Celles qui existent sont soit axées sur
les perspectives indésirables de chacune des alternatives avec les expressions <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">quoi que tu fasses, t’es foutu</span></i> et <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">face je gagne, pile tu
perds</span></i>, soit axée sur l’inextricabilité de la situation avec <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">le paradoxe
de l’œuf et de la poule</span></i>.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Il serait complètement absurde de traduire l’expression par <i>Ca
c’est une vraie Clause 22 !</i> La Clause 22 ne renvoie absolument à rien en
français.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
L'idéal pour la traduction de cette expression, serait de conserver l'idée développée dans le roman de Joseph Heller : <i style="font-weight: bold;">a Catch-22</i> décrit <i>une situation paradoxale où l'on se sent piégé</i>.<br />
<br />
Ainsi, on pourrait traduire <i style="font-weight: bold;">That's a real Catch-22!</i> par une expression du même registre de langue (<i>familier</i>) : <span style="color: #f6b26b;"><i style="font-weight: bold;">voilà ce qui s'appelle être embourbé dans un paradoxe de situation</i>.</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><b>VIII ¤ The c</b></i><i><b>olloquialism p</b></i><i><b>ossible translations</b></i><br />
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Let's come back to the expression at the source of this reflection: <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">That’s a real Catch-22</span></b></i>.<br />
<br />
If the title of <i>Joseph Heller</i>’s novel passed into the common American
language, it’s that there was no word or expression fitting the situation
described in the novel. There is therefore no real equivalent to the colloquialism <i><b>Catch-22</b></i>. The existing ones are focused either on the undesirable prospect
of each alternative with the expressions <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">damned if you do, damned if you don’t</span></i> and <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">heads I win, tails you lose</span></i>, or on the inextricability of the
situation with <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">a chicken and egg situation</span></i>.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br />
It would be utterly absurd to translate the expression by <i>Ca c’est une vraie Clause 22 !</i> <b style="font-style: italic;">La Clause 22</b> in French refers to absolutely nothing.<br />
<br />
The ideal case for the translation of the expression would be to preserve the developped idea throughout Joseph Heller's novel: <i style="font-weight: bold;">a Catch-22</i> describes<i> a paradoxical situation where a person feels trapped</i>.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
And so, <i style="font-weight: bold;">That's a real Catch-22!</i> could be translated by an expression of the same language register (<i>informal</i>): <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;"><b>that's quite a paradox of situation to get stuck in</b></span></i>.</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US"><b><i>Further
readings:</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/1868619.stm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US">http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/1868619.stm</span></a><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://www.phrases.org.uk/meanings/catch-22.html" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US">http://www.phrases.org.uk/meanings/catch-22.html</span></a> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/2011/08/heller-201108" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US">http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/2011/08/heller-201108</span></a> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://www.amazon.com/Just-One-Catch-Biography-Joseph/dp/0312596855" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US">http://www.amazon.com/Just-One-Catch-Biography-Joseph/dp/0312596855</span></a> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://www.defense.gouv.fr/air" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US">http://www.defense.gouv.fr/air</span></a><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://www.airforce.com/" target="_blank">http://www.airforce.com/</a>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://www.bamfbamrs.be/B25/B25-en.htm" target="_blank">http://www.bamfbamrs.be/B25/B25-en.htm</a>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><i>Sources:</i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://www.straightdope.com/columns/read/2093/whats-the-origin-of-catch-22" target="_blank">http://www.straightdope.com/columns/read/2093/whats-the-origin-of-catch-22</a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://www.expressions-francaises.fr/" target="_blank">http://www.expressions-francaises.fr/</a>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://global.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/260414/Joseph-Heller" target="_blank">http://global.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/260414/Joseph-Heller</a>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
Mac's bloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16690326398313716473noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8474653329900509621.post-85165978492975901772014-06-14T14:40:00.000-07:002015-04-08T15:49:37.327-07:00[Fr] Sassanidescence ¤ [En] Serendipity<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; text-align: justify;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><i>[Fr]<o:p></o:p></i></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><i><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">[En]<o:p></o:p></span></b></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
A chaque langage ses propres termes et/ou expressions idiomatiques
bien spécifiques. Plus que tout, à chaque langage sa propre culture, ce qui
implique que toute langue est susceptible d’avoir des termes supposément
intraduisibles.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Serendipity </span></b></i>est l’un des 10 termes jugés les plus
intraduisibles, ou tout du moins, l’un des 10 les plus difficiles à traduire.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Il y a quelques années de ça, en passant d’une chaîne à une autre, je
suis tombée sur un film avec pour tête d’affiche Kate Beckinsale et John
Cusask : <i><b>Un amour à New York</b></i>. Dans la scène en cours, les deux
personnages principaux faisaient connaissance dans une boutique-restaurant du nom de <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Serendipity</span></b></i>. Il s’agissait de la version française du film – à l’évidence –
et à l’époque je ne savais pas encore que le terme <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Serendipity </span></b></i>était un mot réel, je me suis juste dit que ça sonnait bien. Puis, le
personnage féminin déclarait que la première fois qu’elle était venue à cet
endroit c’était à cause de son nom :</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 35.4pt;">
<i>[Sara] – La première fois c’était à cause
du nom.<o:p></o:p></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 35.4pt;">
<i>[Jonathan] - Hmm.<o:p></o:p></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 35.4pt;">
<i>[Sara] - <span style="color: #f6b26b;">Serendipity</span>. C’est un de mes mots
préférés.<o:p></o:p></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 35.4pt;">
<i>[Jonathan] – Ah oui ? Pourquoi ?<o:p></o:p></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 35.4pt;">
<i>[Sara] – C’est beau à entendre, même si ça
veut juste dire « heureux hasard. »<o:p></o:p></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
(retranscription de la version française – <i><b>Un amour à New York</b></i>)<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Bien sûr, comme <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Serendipity </span></b></i>est le nom de la boutique-restaurant – une célèbre
enseigne de New York qui plus est – traduire le terme aurait été assez
malvenu, d’autant plus que Sara le définit tout de suite.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
C’est pour ça qu’à mon avis, la traduction du titre du film n’était
pas judicieuse. Pourquoi traduire le titre du film quand l’enseigne en est le thème ? Pourquoi rendre explicite ce qui est
implicite ? Pour anéantir ce qui fait la pertinence du titre ? Et
tout simplement, pourquoi même changer le titre ?<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Mais recadrons un peu notre objectif : la traduction même de <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Serendipity</span></b></i>.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">To each language
their own peculiar terms and/or idioms. More importantly, to each language
their own culture, which actually m</span><span lang="EN-GB">eans that every language might have some virtually untranslatable
terms.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Serendipity </span></b></i>is
deemed to be </span><a href="http://www.teachinglanguages.com.au/live-love-language-blog/636-the-serendipity-of-untranslatable-words" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-GB">one of the 10 most untranslatable words</span></a><span lang="EN-GB"> or at least
of the 10 hardest words to translate.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">A few years ago, I
came across a film on TV starring Kate Beckinsale and John Cusack: <i><b>Un amour à
New York</b></i>. The scene staged the two main characters getting acquainted with
each other at a store-restaurant named <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Serendipity</span></b></i>. It was the French version of
the film – obviously – and at that time I didn’t know yet that </span><i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Serendipity </span></b></i>was a real word, I just thought it had a nice ring to it. But then, the
female character said that the first time she came in the place was because
of its name:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 35.4pt;">
<i><span lang="EN-GB">[Sara] - I first came in because of the name.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 35.4pt;">
<i><span lang="EN-GB">[Jonathan] - Hmm.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 35.4pt;">
<i><span lang="EN-GB">[Sara] - <span style="color: #f6b26b;">Serendipity</span>. It's one of my favorite words.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 35.4pt;">
<i><span lang="EN-GB">[Jonathan] - It is? Why?<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 35.4pt;">
<i><span lang="EN-GB">[Sara] - Uh-huh. 'Cause it's such a nice sound for what it means: a
fortunate accident.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">(</span><a href="http://www.script-o-rama.com/movie_scripts/s/serendipity-script-transcript-kate-beckinsale.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-GB">script of the original version – <i><b>Serendipity</b></i></span></a><span lang="EN-GB">)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">Of course, since <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Serendipity </span></b></i>is the name of the store-restaurant – well known trademark of New
York at that – translating the term would have been quite inappropriate, all
the more so with Sara defining it straightaway.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">As far as I’m
concerned, in that very regard, the translation of the film title was not a
happy one. Why would you translate the title when the trademark is
the theme? Why make explicit that what is implicit? Why annihilate that what
makes the title relevant? And quite simply, why even change the title?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">But let’s straighten our
focus a bit: the actual translation of <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Serendipity</span></b></i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 464.4pt;" valign="top" width="619"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Aq96mnnf-LI/VMpZvElnQhI/AAAAAAAAA80/wbtpS6Qo08s/s1600/Serendipity%2B3%2BNYC.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Aq96mnnf-LI/VMpZvElnQhI/AAAAAAAAA80/wbtpS6Qo08s/s1600/Serendipity%2B3%2BNYC.png" height="305" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/doioffend/4317423577/sizes/o/in/photostream/" target="_blank"><i><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Serendipity 3 NYC</span></b></i></a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><b>I ¤ Origine</b></i><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Dans une lettre écrite à Sir Horace Mann</span></i> (Lettre 90, Jan. 28, 1754), <span style="color: #f6b26b;"><i>Horace
Walpole</i></span> a inventé le mot <b><i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Serendipity </span></i></b>d’après une traduction anglaise d’un
conte perse de <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Amir Khusrau</span></i> (1302) – Livre Premier de <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Hašt Behešt</span></i> ( <span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">هشت</span><span lang="EN-GB"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">بهشت</span>, <i><b>Les huit Paradis</b></i>) inspiré d’une
légende sur <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">le quinzième roi Sassanide Vahrâm V Gôr « L’Onagre »
(420-438), successeur d’un roi tyrannique, Yazdgard I « Le
Pêcheur »</span></i> – <i><b>The Three Princes of Serendip</b></i>.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Walpole associe une découverte avec un conte lu enfant et dont les
héros <i>« faisaient toujours des découvertes, par accidents et sagacité,
des choses qu’ils ne cherchaient pas : »</i> une découverte <i>« de
l’espèce [qu’il] appel[ait] Serendipity. »</i><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="IT">Le conte perse a d’abords
été adapté plus que traduit en italien en 1557, supposément par Cristoforo
Armeno, </span><a href="http://books.google.fr/books?id=C1DjwxAakWQC&pg=PA175&lpg=PA175&dq=Peregrinaggio+di+tre+giovani+figlivoli+del+re+di+Serendippo&source=bl&ots=vguv7zHXkt&sig=hhAQX2u6GgXml4FJTPJb1-DXehU&hl=fr&sa=X&ei=Y0aOU4115qzRBcLSgPAN&ved=0CD8Q6AEwAg" target="_blank"><span lang="IT"><i><b>Peregrinaggio di tre giovani figlivoli del re di Sarendippo</b></i></span></a><span lang="IT">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
La version italienne a été traduite et adaptée en allemand en 1583
par Johann Wetzel<i> <a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:BLV_208_Die_Reise_der_Soehne_Giaffers.pdf&page=3" target="_blank"><b>Die Reise der Söhne Giaffers</b></a></i> (Giaffer étant le roi de Serendip) ; en
français en 1610 par François
Béroalde de Verville <a href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k111525t" target="_blank"><i><b>L'Histoire véritable ou le Voyage des princes fortunez</b></i></a>, puis en 1719 par le Chevalier de Mailly <a href="http://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/Voyages_et_aventures_des_trois_princes_de_Serendip" target="_blank"><i><b>Les Aventures des trois princes de Serendip</b></i></a>.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
La dernière version française a ensuite été traduite en anglais en
1722 <a href="http://livingheritage.org/three_princes-2.htm" target="_blank"><i><b>Travels and Adventures of Three Princes of Sarendip</b></i></a>.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><i><b>I ¤ Origin</b></i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/4610/pg4610.html" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US"><i>In a letter to Sir Horace Mann</i></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> (Letter 90, Jan. </span><span lang="EN-GB">28, 1754), </span><a href="http://global.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/634999/Horace-Walpole-4th-earl-of-Orford" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-GB"><i>Horace Walpole</i></span></a><span lang="EN-GB"> coined the word <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Serendipity </span></b></i>based
on the English version of a Persian tale by </span><a href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/amir-kosrow-poet" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-GB"><i>Amir Khusrow</i></span></a><span lang="EN-GB"> (</span><span lang="EN-GB">13</span><span lang="EN-GB">02</span><span lang="EN-GB">)</span><span lang="EN-GB"> – Book One of <a href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/hast-behest-2"><i>Hašt Behešt</i></a>
( </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">هشت</span><span lang="EN-GB"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">بهشت</span><span lang="EN-GB">, <i><b>The Eight Paradises</b></i>) inspired by a legend about </span><a href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/yazdegerd-i" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-GB"><i>the fifteenth Sasanian King Bahram V Gur “Onager” (420-438), successor to a tyrannical King, Yazdegerd I “The Sinner”</i></span></a><span lang="EN-GB"> – <i><b>The Three Princes of Serendip</b></i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">Walpole associated a
discovery with a tale he read once as a child and which heroes <i>“were always
making discoveries, by accidents and sagacity, of things which they were not
in quest of:”</i> a discovery as <i>“of that kind which [he] call[ed] Serendipity.”</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">The Persian tale was
first adapted more than translated into Italian in 1557, supposedly by
Cristoforo Armeno, </span><a href="http://books.google.fr/books?id=C1DjwxAakWQC&pg=PA175&lpg=PA175&dq=Peregrinaggio+di+tre+giovani+figlivoli+del+re+di+Serendippo&source=bl&ots=vguv7zHXkt&sig=hhAQX2u6GgXml4FJTPJb1-DXehU&hl=fr&sa=X&ei=Y0aOU4115qzRBcLSgPAN&ved=0CD8Q6AEwAg" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-GB"><i><b>Peregrinaggio di tre giovani figlivoli del re di Sarendippo</b></i></span></a><span lang="EN-GB">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">The Italian version
got translated and adapted into German in 1583 by Johann Wetzel </span><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:BLV_208_Die_Reise_der_Soehne_Giaffers.pdf&page=3" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-GB"><i><b>Die Reise der Söhne Giaffers</b></i></span></a><span lang="EN-GB"> (Giaffer being the king of
Serendip); into French in 1610 by </span><span lang="EN-GB">François
Béroalde de Verville </span><a href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k111525t" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-GB"><i><b>L'Histoire véritable ou le Voyage des princes fortunez</b></i></span></a><span lang="EN-GB">,</span><span lang="EN-US"> then in 1719 by Chevalier de Mailly </span><a href="http://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/Voyages_et_aventures_des_trois_princes_de_Serendip" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US"><i><b>Les Aventures des trois princes de Serendip</b></i></span></a><span lang="EN-US">.</span><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">The last French
version got then translated into English in 1722 </span><a href="http://livingheritage.org/three_princes-2.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-GB"><i><b>Travels and Adventures of Three Princes of Sarendip</b></i></span></a><span lang="EN-GB">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 464.4pt;" valign="top" width="619"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1b1cu0q77Mg/VMpZV3KKdTI/AAAAAAAAA8s/-2IJa4O5Eg0/s1600/Bahram%2BV%2BGur's%2Bskill%2Bwith%2Bthe%2Bbow%2Bby%2BMaulana%2BAzhar.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1b1cu0q77Mg/VMpZV3KKdTI/AAAAAAAAA8s/-2IJa4O5Eg0/s1600/Bahram%2BV%2BGur's%2Bskill%2Bwith%2Bthe%2Bbow%2Bby%2BMaulana%2BAzhar.png" height="320" width="211" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i><a href="http://www.metmuseum.org/collection/the-collection-online/search/455056?rpp=60&pg=3&gallerynos=455&ft=*&pos=128" target="_blank">Bahram Gur's Skill with the Bow<br />Calligrapher: Maulana Azhar (d. 1475/76)</a></i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b>II ¤ Une notion qui inspire</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
En 1748, le conte perse a été <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">le point de départ du célèbre roman et
conte philosophique de Voltaire</span></i>, <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/4647/pg4647.html" target="_blank"><i><b>Zadig ou la Destiné</b></i></a>.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
A son tour, <i>Zadig </i>et sa sagacité ont inspiré Edgar Allan Poe, et en
1841, sa nouvelle <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/20761/20761-h/20761-h.htm#DOUBLE_ASSASSINAT_DANS_LA_RUE_MORGUE" target="_blank"><i><b>Double assassinat dans la rue Morgue</b></i></a> est publiée dans le <i><b>Graham’s Magazine</b></i> – le
personnage <i>C. Auguste Dupin</i> devient alors le premier détective moderne et
<i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Edgar Allan Poe ouvre la voie à un nouveau genre</span></i>.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Avec la référence explicite dans <a href="http://www.ebooksgratuits.com/pdf/conan_doyle_une_etude_en_rouge.pdf" target="_blank"><i><b>Une étude en rouge</b></i></a> – le premier roman de la série <i>Sherlock Holmes</i>, 1887 –
il y a fort à parier qu’Edgar Allan Poe a inspiré Sir Arthur Conan Doyle :<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 35.4pt;">
<i>« Expliqué
ainsi, c’est assez simple, dis-je [Docteur Watson] en souriant. <o:p></o:p></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 35.4pt;">
<i>Vous me rappelez
le Dupin d’Edgar Allan Poe. Je ne supposais pas qu’un <o:p></o:p></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 35.4pt;">
<i>type de ce genre
existait en dehors des romans. »</i><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><i><b>II ¤ Inspirational
notion</b></i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">In 1748, this
Persian tale had been </span><a href="http://livingheritage.org/three_princes-2.htm" target="_blank"><i>the base of Voltaire’s famous novel and work of philosophical fiction</i></a><span lang="EN-GB">, </span><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/18972/18972-h/18972-h.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-GB"><i><b>Zadig or The Book of Fate</b></i></span></a><span lang="EN-GB">. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">In turn, <i>Zadig </i>and
his sagacity inspired Edgar Allan Poe, and in 1841, he got his short-story </span><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2147/2147-h/2147-h.htm#link2H_4_0009" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-GB"><i><b>The Murder of the Rue Morgue</b></i></span></a><span lang="EN-GB"> published in the <b><i>Graham’s
Magazine</i></b> – the character <i>C. Auguste Dupin</i> thus became the first modern
detective and </span><a href="http://www.worlds-best-detective-crime-and-murder-mystery-books.com/1841.html"><span lang="EN-GB"><i>Edgar Allan Poe paved the way to a
new genre</i></span></a><span lang="EN-GB">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">With the explicit
reference in </span><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/244/244-h/244-h.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-GB"><i><b>A Study in Scarlet</b></i></span></a><span lang="EN-GB"> – the first novel of the <i>Sherlock
Holmes</i> series, 1887 – it is a safe bet to say that Edgar Allan Poe inspired
Sir Arthur Conan Doyle:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 35.4pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><i>“It is simple enough as you
explain it,” I [Doctor Watson] said, smiling. “You remind me of Edgar Allen
Poe's Dupin. I had no idea that such individuals did exist outside of
stories.”</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><b>III ¤ Etymologie</b></i><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Serendipity </span></b></i>est un néologisme issu de l’association de <i><b>Serendip </b></i>–
ancient nom de <i><b>Ceylan</b></i>, le <i><b>Sri Lanka</b></i> d’aujourd’hui – et du suffixe nominal <i><b>–ity</b></i> : le
néologisme alors formé est un nom décrivant un état ou une propriété.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><i><b>III ¤ Etymology</b></i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Serendipity </span></b></i>is a
neologism made of <i><b>Serendip </b></i>– old name of <i><b>Ceylon</b></i>, modern <i><b>Sri Lanka</b></i> – and of
the nominal suffix <b><i>–ity</i></b>: the neologism then formed is a noun describing a
state or a quality.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><i><b>IV ¤ Les noms de
Serendip</b></i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Le nom Serendip
vient de l’arabe </span><b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">سرانديب</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span></b><span lang="EN-US"><b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </b>(sarāndīb), du perse </span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><b>سراندیپ</b></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="EN-US"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> (sarândip), du Sanskrit </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal; mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;"><b>सिंहलद्वीप</b></span><span lang="EN-US"> (siṁhaladvīpa, <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Ile
Demeure-des-Lions</span></i>).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
En grec ancient, l’île était connue sous le nom de <b>Ταπροβάνη</b>
(Taprobánē, une translitération du nom pāli Tâmraparnî, <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">feuille de cuivre</span></i>),
ce qui a donné <b><i>Taprobane </i></b>en français.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Du temps de la colonisation par la Couronne britannique jusqu’en
1972, l’île était connue sous le nom de <i><b>Ceylan</b></i>, ce qui est une déformation du
nom cinghalais name <b><span style="font-family: "Iskoola Pota","sans-serif";">ශ්</span><span style="font-family: "Iskoola Pota","sans-serif";">රී</span> <span style="font-family: "Iskoola Pota","sans-serif";">ලංකා</span></b> (śrī laṃkā, <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">terre fortunée</span></i>).<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Puis en 1972, <b><i>Ceylan</i> </b>abandonne son statut de dominion pour devenir
la <i><b>République du Sri Lanka</b></i>, reprenant ainsi son nom cinghalais original.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><b>IV ¤ Names of Serendip</b></i><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
The name Serendip comes from Arabic<b> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">سرانديب</span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </span>(sarāndīb),
from Persian <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><b>سراندیپ</b></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>
(sarândip), from Sanskrit <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Mangal; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;"><b>सिंहलद्वीप</b></span><span lang="AR-SA"> </span>(siṁhaladvīpa, <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Dwelling-Place-of-Lions Island</span></i>).<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">In ancient Greek,
the island was known as </span><b>Ταπροβάνη</b><span lang="EN-US"> (Taprobánē, a transliteration of the Pāli </span><span lang="EN-GB">nam</span><span lang="EN-US">e Tâmraparnî, </span><span lang="EN-GB"><i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">copper coloured leaf</span></i>), which gave <i><b>Taprobane </b></i>in French.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">At the time of the
British Crown colonization until 1972, the island was known as <b><i>Ceylon</i></b>, which
is a distortion of the Sinhalese name </span><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Iskoola Pota', sans-serif;">ශ්</span><span lang="EN-GB"></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Iskoola Pota', sans-serif;">රී</span><span lang="EN-GB"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Iskoola Pota', sans-serif;">ලංකා</span></b><span lang="EN-GB"> (śrī laṃkā, <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">resplendent
land</span></i>).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">Then in 1972, <i><b>Ceylon
</b></i> abandoned its dominion status to become the<i><b> Republic of Sri Lanka</b></i>, taking
again its original Sinhalese name.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 464.4pt;" valign="top" width="619"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-KD-3vZFDXLU/VMpY-kDmsFI/AAAAAAAAA8c/fClLQM-ufQY/s1600/1009585-Drapeau_du_Sri_Lanka.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-KD-3vZFDXLU/VMpY-kDmsFI/AAAAAAAAA8c/fClLQM-ufQY/s1600/1009585-Drapeau_du_Sri_Lanka.png" height="231" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-hBQgR5UJzDs/VMpZGfUKArI/AAAAAAAAA8k/cnyV30vXQDU/s1600/carte%2BSri%2BLanka.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-hBQgR5UJzDs/VMpZGfUKArI/AAAAAAAAA8k/cnyV30vXQDU/s1600/carte%2BSri%2BLanka.png" height="320" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><b>V ¤ La notion de Serendipity</b></i><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
En 1754, Walpole parle de <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Serendipity </span></b></i>à l’évocation d’une découverte
faite <i>« par accident et
sagacité. »</i><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Dans <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">sa réponse à Walpole</span></i>, Mann reformule la description faite par
Walpole de la <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Serendipity </span></b></i>en <i>« une découverte utile et inattendue
faite à la place du résultat escompté, »</i> ce qui revient plus ou moins à
la définition donnée en 1880 par Edward Solly – un chimiste anglais.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
En 1945, Walter Bradford Cannon – physiologiste de Harvard – définit la
<b><i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Serendipity </span></i></b>dans<b><i> <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Way-Investigator-Scientistss-Experiences-Research/dp/B000IFWN0M" target="_blank">The Way of an Investigator</a></i></b> comme<i> « avoir la faculté ou la chance de
trouver la preuve de ses idées de manière inattendue, ou bien la découverte
par surprise de nouveaux objets ou relations sans les avoir cherchés. »</i><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
En 1950, Robert King Norton – sociologue américain – la définit dans <a href="http://www.amazon.fr/Social-Theory-Structure-Robert-Merton/dp/0029211301" target="_blank"><i><b>Social Theory and Social Structure</b></i></a> comme étant <i>« une découverte inattendue
anormale stimulatrice de la sagacité de l’investigateur. »</i><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
En 1957, Alex Osborn – publicitaire – la définit dans <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Applied-imagination-Principles-procedures-problem-solving/dp/B0007HKJUM/" target="_blank"><i><b>Applied Imagination</b></i></a> comme étant <i>« un facteur chance dans une recherche
créative, » « un stimulus accidentel déclencheur d’une inspiration
créative. »</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Cependant, que ce soit le <a href="http://dictionary.cambridge.org/" target="_blank"><i><b>Cambridge Dictionary</b></i></a>, le <a href="http://www.chambers.co.uk/" target="_blank"><b><i>Chambers Dictionary</i></b></a>,
le <a href="http://www.ldoceonline.com/" target="_blank"><i><b>Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English</b></i></a>, le <a href="http://www.macmillandictionary.com/" target="_blank"><i><b>MacMillan Dictionary</b></i></a> ou le <a href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary" target="_blank"><b><i>Merriam-Webster</i></b></a>,
le mot <b><i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Serendipity </span></i></b>est définit par <i>« une heureux découverte, inattendue
et utile, faite par hasard. »</i><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Pour le <a href="http://www.collinsdictionary.com/" target="_blank"><i><b>Collins</b></i></a> et le
<a href="http://www.oed.com/" target="_blank"><i><b>OED</b></i></a>, la définition est pour ainsi dire la
même, si ce n’est pour l’absence de la moindre mention quant à l’utilité
d’une telle découverte.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Toutefois, pas un seul ne mentionne la sagacité ou la stimulation
intellectuelle de l’investigateur, faisant ainsi de la découverte faite par
<i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Serendipity </span></b></i>le résultat d’un coup de chance dans le langage commun.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><i>V ¤ The notion of Serendipity </i></b><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
In 1754, Walpole talks about <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Serendipity </span></b></i>when evoking discovery made
<i>“by accident and sagacity.”</i><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">In </span><a href="http://www.lekti-ecriture.com/contrefeux/Les-Aventures-des-trois-princes-de.html" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-GB"><i>his response to Walpole</i></span></a><span lang="EN-GB">, Mann rephrases Walpole
description of <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Serendipity </span></b></i>as <i>“a useful and unexpected discovery made instead
of the anticipated result,”</i> which is for all intents and purposes the same definition given in 1880 by Edward Solly – an English chemist.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">In 1945, Walter
Bradford Cannon – an Harvard physiologist – defined <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Serendipity </span></b></i>in </span><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Way-Investigator-Scientistss-Experiences-Research/dp/B000IFWN0M" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-GB"><i><b>The Way of an Investigator</b></i></span></a><span lang="EN-GB"> as <i>“the faculty or the luck of
finding evidences of ideas in unforeseen ways, or the unexpected discovery of
new things or relations that were not looked for.”</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">In 1950, Robert King
Norton – an American sociologist – defined it in </span><a href="http://www.amazon.fr/Social-Theory-Structure-Robert-Merton/dp/0029211301" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-GB"><i><b>Social Theory and Social Structure</b></i></span></a><span lang="EN-GB"> as an <i>“unexpected and anomalous
finding stimulating the investigator’s sagacity.”</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">In 1957, Alex Osborn
– an advertising executive – defined it in </span><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Applied-imagination-Principles-procedures-problem-solving/dp/B0007HKJUM/" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-GB"><i><b>Applied Imagination</b></i></span></a><span lang="EN-GB"> as <i>“an element of luck in a
creative quest,” “an accidental stimulus triggering the creative
inspiration.”</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">Now, </span><span lang="EN-US">whether it be </span><span lang="EN-GB">the </span><a href="http://dictionary.cambridge.org/" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-GB"><i><b>Cambridge Dictionary</b></i></span></a><span lang="EN-GB">, the </span><a href="http://www.chambers.co.uk/" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-GB"><i><b>Chambers Dictionary</b></i></span></a><span lang="EN-GB">, the </span><a href="http://www.ldoceonline.com/" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-GB"><i><b>Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English</b></i></span></a><span lang="EN-GB">, the </span><i><b><a href="http://www.macmillandictionary.com/" target="_blank">MacMillan Dictionary</a></b></i><span lang="EN-GB"> or the </span><a href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-GB"><i><b>Merriam-Webste</b></i>r</span></a><span lang="EN-GB">, the term <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Serendipity </span></b></i>is defined
as <i>“a fortunate, unexpected and useful discovery made by accident.”</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">For the </span><a href="http://www.collinsdictionary.com/" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-GB"><i><b>Collins</b></i></span></a><span lang="EN-GB">
and the </span><a href="http://www.oed.com/" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-GB"><i><b>OED</b></i></span></a><span lang="EN-GB">, the definition is roughly the same, yet
they make no mention of the valuableness of such discovery.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">However, none of
them whatsoever mentions the sagacity or the intellectual stimulation of the
investigator, thus making the <b><i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">serendipitous</span></i></b> discovery the result of a lucky
strike in common language.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 464.4pt;" valign="top" width="619"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-2XY9ggNZHQY/VMpYu5FonRI/AAAAAAAAA8U/fcvhoZoe4d4/s1600/Horace_Walpole%2Bby%2BJoshua%2BReynolds.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-2XY9ggNZHQY/VMpYu5FonRI/AAAAAAAAA8U/fcvhoZoe4d4/s1600/Horace_Walpole%2Bby%2BJoshua%2BReynolds.png" height="320" width="256" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i><a href="http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait.php?search=ap&npgno=6520&eDate=&lDate=" target="_blank">Horace Walpole</a></i><br />
<i><a href="http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait.php?search=ap&npgno=6520&eDate=&lDate=" target="_blank">by Sir Joshua Reynolds (circa 1756-1757)</a></i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><i>VI ¤ Traductions françaises existantes et remarques</i></b><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
En 1954, dans le <a href="http://www.amazon.fr/Vocabulaire-psychologie-Henri-Pi%C3%A9ron/dp/2130540651/" target="_blank"><b><i>Vocabulaire de la psychologie</i></b></a>, Henri Piéron – psychologue français – crée le
néologisme par calque : <i><b>Sérendipité</b></i>.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
La traduction est donc un anglicisme. <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Serendipity </span></b></i>ou <i><b>Sérendipité </b></i>sont tous les deux employés dans
les discours scientifiques. Et puisque <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Serendipity </span></b></i>est un néologisme, la
traduction de Piéron n’est en soi pas forcément une mauvaise idée.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
En 1973, l’<a href="http://www.oqlf.gouv.qc.ca/" target="_blank"><i><b>Office québécois de la Langue Française</b></i></a> propose <i><b>fortuité</b></i> comme traduction. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Le problème réside dans la définition donnée par le <a href="http://www.cnrtl.fr/" target="_blank"><i><b>CNRTL</b></i></a> :
<i>caractère de ce qui se produit par hasard, de ce qui est imprévu</i>. Il n’y a
pas la moindre notion de ce qui est trouvé à la place d’autre chose ou de
sagacité. <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Serendipity </span></b></i>est ainsi juste un autre mot pour <i>un événement qui se
produit par accident ou par hasard</i>.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
En 1985, d’après des textes choisis de<i><b> <a href="http://www.amazon.fr/De-ville-patrimoine-urbain-Histoires/dp/2760524795" target="_blank">De la ville au patrimoine urbain</a></b></i>, André Corboz – historien genevois de
l’architecture – propose la traduction <i><b>cinghalisme</b></i>, faisant
ainsi un lien entre l’ancien nom du <i><b>Sri Lanka</b></i>, <i><b>Ceylan</b></i>. Le mot est un
néologisme formé de <i><b>cinghalais</b></i> – le terme français qui désigne
la langue du Sri Lanka – et du suffixe nominal <i><b>–isme</b></i> : le néologisme ainsi
formé est un nom décrivant un état ou un propriété.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
En 2000, dans la traduction <b><i><span style="color: #f6b26b;"><a href="http://www.amazon.fr/LEntreprise-cr%C3%A9ative-innovations-surgissent-vraiment/dp/2708124854">L’Entreprise
créative</a> </span></i></b>de <a href="http://alanrobinson.com/publications" target="_blank"><i><b>Corporate Creativity</b></i></a> par Robinson et Stern, <i><b>heureuse coïncidence</b></i> a
été proposé. Le problème est que <i>coïncidence </i>suggère une
pluralité et définit littéralement ce qui est identique ou qui se produit ou
existe simultanément, ce qui implique un point de référence connu.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Or <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Serendipity </span></b></i>définit une découverte, en d’autres termes,
l’identification de ce qui était jusque là inconnu ou obscur. <i>Heureuse ou
non, une coïncidence n’est en aucun cas une découverte</i>.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
En 2008, <a href="http://www.serendipite-strategique.com/" target="_blank"><i><b>Jean-Louis Swiners</b></i></a> suggère <b><i>zadigacité </i></b>comme traduction – un mot-valise
faisant référence au personnage de Voltaire <i>Zadig </i>et à la sagacité, la
perspicacité et l’efficacité entre autres.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Si <b><i>Serendip </i></b>est vraiment le nom perse du <b><i>Sri Lanka</i></b>, <i>Zadig </i>est lui un
personnage fictif créé par Voltaire. <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Les auteurs français sont connus pour
utiliser des noms et références perses pour critiquer la société française</span></i>. <i>Zadig
</i> (Ṣādeq, <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">le véridique</span></i>) incarne les trois Princes du conte perse. Bien que la
traduction proposée par Jean-Louis Swinner ait une tonalité française, ce qui me gêne en tant que
traductrice dans cette solution est le fait qu’elle est construite sur une pure invention
alors que le nom du pays de la traduction du conte perse n’en est pas une, le
<i><b>Sri Lanka</b></i> existe vraiment.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
En 2011, <a href="http://henrikaufman.typepad.com/et_si_lon_parlait_marketi/2012/12/le-monde-parle-de-la-s%C3%A9rendipit%C3%A9-et-de-henri-kaufman.html" target="_blank"><i><b>Henri Kaufman</b></i></a> propose la traduction <b><i>fortuitude</i></b> – tout comme <b><i>fortuité</i></b> – caractère de ce qui se produit par hasard. Si les deux suffixes français <b><i>–té</i></b>
et <b><i>–ude</i></b> sont nominaux et décrivent une propriété ou un état, <i><b>fortuit </b></i>est le terme français pour <i><b>fortuitious </b></i>est décrit ce qui est imprévu et se produit par
hasard. Je ne fais que des suppositions quant à l’étymologie du terme.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Tout comme avec <b><i>fortuité</i></b>, il n’y a pas la moindre
notion de ce qui est trouvé à la place d’autre chose ou de sagacité. Encore
une fois, <b><i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Serendipity </span></i></b>est ainsi juste un autre mot pour <i>un événement qui se
produit par accident ou par hasard</i>.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><i><b>VI ¤ Existing French
translations & remarks</b></i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">In 1954, in his </span><a href="http://www.amazon.fr/Vocabulaire-psychologie-Henri-Pi%C3%A9ron/dp/2130540651/" target="_blank"><i><b>Vocabulaire de la psychologie</b></i></a>, Henri Piéron – a French psychologist – created a
neologism by using a calque: <i><b>Serendipité</b></i>.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">The translation is thus
an anglicism. Both <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Serendipity </span></b></i>or <i><b>Sérendipité </b></i>are actually used in scientific
discourses. And since <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Serendipity </span></b></i>is a neologism, Piéron’s translation is not
necessarily a bad idea in itself.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
In 1973, the <a href="http://www.oqlf.gouv.qc.ca/"><i><b>Office québécois
de la Langue Française</b></i></a> proposed <i><b>fortuité</b></i> as a translation.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Problem is the
definition given by the </span><i><b><a href="http://www.cnrtl.fr/" target="_blank">CNRTL</a></b></i>: <i>quality of something happening by chance, of
something that is unexpected</i>. There is no idea of something found instead of
another or of sagacity. <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Serendipity </span></b></i>is thus just another word for <i>chance or
accidental event and fortuity (UK)</i> or for <i>happenstance (US)</i>.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">In 1985, according
to chosen texts in </span><a href="http://www.amazon.fr/De-ville-patrimoine-urbain-Histoires/dp/2760524795" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US"><i><b>De la ville au patrimoine urbain</b></i></span></a><span lang="EN-US">, André Corboz – a Genevan
architecture historian – proposed <i><b>cinghalisme</b></i> as a translation,
thus making a link with the old name of <i><b>Sri Lanka</b></i>, <i><b>Ceylon</b></i>. The word is a neologism
made of <i><b>Cinghalais</b></i> – the French term given to the language of Sri Lanka –
and of the nominal suffix <i><b>–isme</b></i>: t</span><span lang="EN-GB">he neologism then formed is a noun describing a state or a quality.</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">In 2000, in the
translation </span><a href="http://www.amazon.fr/LEntreprise-cr%C3%A9ative-innovations-surgissent-vraiment/dp/2708124854" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US"><i><b>L’Entreprise créative</b></i></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> of Robinson and Stern’s </span><a href="http://alanrobinson.com/publications" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US"><i><b>Corporate Creativity</b></i></span></a><span lang="EN-US">, <i><b>heureuse coïncidence</b></i> is
proposed. Problem is <i>coïncidence </i>refers to a plurality and literally means
things that are identical or occur or exist simultaneously, which means that
there is a known point of reference.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Now, <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Serendipity </span></b></i>is
about a discovery, in other words, about identifying and revealing something
that has been hidden or obscure until then. <i>Fortunate or not, a coincidence
is no discovery</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">In 2008, </span><a href="http://www.serendipite-strategique.com/" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US"><i><b>Jean-Louis Swiners</b></i></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> proposed <b><i>zadigacité</i></b> as a translation – a portemanteau word referring to Voltaire’s character <i>Zadig
</i> and to sagacité (sagacity), perspicacité (perspicacity) and efficacité
(efficiency) among others.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">When <i><b>Serendip </b></i>is
actually the Persian name of <i><b>Sri Lanka</b></i>, <i>Zadig </i>is fictitious character created
by Voltaire. It is known that </span><a href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/france-ix"><span lang="EN-US"><i>French authors used Persian names and
references to criticize French society</i></span></a><span lang="EN-US">. <i>Zadig
</i> (Ṣādeq, <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">the veracious one</span></i>) impersonates all three Princes of the Persian
tale. Though the translation proposed by Jean-Louis Swinner does have a
French ring to it, what bothers me as a translator in this solution is the
fact that it is constructed on a name invented from scratch when the
country’s name of the translation of the Persian tale is no invention, <i><b>Sri
Lanka</b></i> does exist.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">In 2011, </span><a href="http://henrikaufman.typepad.com/et_si_lon_parlait_marketi/2012/12/le-monde-parle-de-la-s%C3%A9rendipit%C3%A9-et-de-henri-kaufman.html" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US"><i><b>Henri Kaufman</b></i></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> proposed <i><b>fortuitude </b></i>as a
translation – just like <i><b>fortuité </b></i>– the quality of something happening by
chance. If both French suffixes <i><b>–té</b></i> and <i><b>–ude</b></i> are nominal and describe a
property or a quality, <i><b>fortuit</b></i> is French for <i><b>fortuitious </b></i>and describes
something unplanned and happening by chance.
I am only hypothesizing on the etymology of the term.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Just like with <b><i>fortuité</i></b>, there is no idea of something found instead of another or of
sagacity. <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Serendipity </span></b></i>is yet again just another word <i>for chance or accidental
event and fortuity (UK)</i> or for <i>happenstance (US)</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 464.4pt;" valign="top" width="619"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-B11cAayFu-Q/VMpaYqzqeWI/AAAAAAAAA88/TsKPialyjLI/s1600/timbre%2BAmir%2BKhusrau.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-B11cAayFu-Q/VMpaYqzqeWI/AAAAAAAAA88/TsKPialyjLI/s1600/timbre%2BAmir%2BKhusrau.png" height="140" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<o:p></o:p><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><b>VII ¤ Réflexions et propositions</b></i><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Il est vrai que <i><b>Serendip </b></i>est un nom perse, mais du <b><i>Sri Lanka</i></b>, pas de
la <b><i>Perse</i></b>. <i><b>Serendip </b></i>a été utilisé dans le titre de la version italienne du
conte de Khusrau non seulement pour son exotisme, mais aussi et surtout parce
que <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">l’île était le sujet d’actualité en 1555</span></i> depuis le début de la colonisation
du <b><i>Sri Lanka</i></b> – ce qui signifie que la version italienne du conte perse est
une trans-traduction qu’une réelle traduction.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><b>Les trois Princes de Serendip</b></i> auraient pu être <i><b>Les trois Princes de
Perse</b></i>, ou encore mieux, <i><b>Les trois Princes de Sassan</b></i> – du nom du roi fondateur
de l’empire Sassanide – le conte perse est inspiré d’une légende du quinzième
roi sassanide Vahram V Gôr.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
A mon avis, traduire un néologisme inventé de A à Z d’une langue
source, décrivant une notion jusqu’alors jamais nommée, par un mot déjà
existant de la langue cible qui ne signifierait pas vraiment la même chose
que le néologisme de la langue source serait une erreur.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
La notion derrière le mot étant nouvelle en anglais – tout comme en
français puisqu’il n’existe aucun mot français qualifiant cette notion – l’idée
de l’anglicisme n’est pas nécessairement une mauvaise option.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Cependant la mélodie du terme doit aussi être prise en compte au
moment de la traduction d’un tel mot nouveau. Puisque le mot est un
néologisme inventé de A à Z, autant en reproduire l’harmonie et le rythme.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Si le mot anglais <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Serendipity </span></b></i>(/ˌsɛ.rɛn.ˈdɪp.ə.ti/) est harmonieux et
roule sur la langue, pour le mot français <i><b>Sérendipité </b></i>(/se.ʁɑ̃.di.pi.te/) ce
n’est pas vraiment le cas.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Si le ‘r’ se prononce /r/ – une consonne roulée alvéolaire voisée ou
R roulé – en anglais, le ‘r’ se prononce /ʁ/ – une consonne fricative uvulaire
sonore ou R guttural – en français.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
De la même manière, si le ‘en’ se prononce /ɛn/ – une voyelle
semi-ouverte d’avant suivi d’une consonne alvéolaire nasal – en anglais, le ‘en’
se prononce /ɑ̃/ – suivi d’une consonne nasale le /ɛ/ devient /ɑ̃/ – en
français.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Puis, par association des deux sons, si en anglais le ‘ren’ de
<i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Serendipity </span></b></i>est un son léger presque délicat /rɛn/, c’est pour ainsi dire l’exact
opposé en français pour le /ʁɑ̃/ de <i><b>Sérendipité </b></i>– un son sourd, lourd presque
violent.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
La notion d’ouverture d’esprit suggérée par le mot <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Serendipity </span></b></i>est
alors pratiquement étouffée par la sonorité du mot <i><b>Sérendipité</b></i>. D’où l’idée de conserver cette subtilité dans la traduction du mot <b><i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Serendipity</span></i></b>.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Je propose le néologisme <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Sassanidescence </span></b></i>/sa.sa.ni.de.sɑ̃s/ comme
traduction française du mot anglais <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Serendipity</span></b></i>.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Avec le suffixe nominal français <i><b>–escence</b></i>, qui définit un état ou une
propriété tout comme <i><b>–ité</b></i>, le néologisme évoque le mot
<i>Intelligence </i>et ainsi l’ouverture d’esprit inhérente ; et bien que
<b><i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Sassanidescence </span></i></b>ne soit pas un calque réel de <b><i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Serendipity</span></i></b>, il y a un même
nombre de syllabes.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Le rythme fluide de <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Serendipity </span></b></i>est conservé et <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Sassanidescence
</span></b></i> renvoie directement au conte perse et à Vahram V Gôr, roi de l’Empire
Sassanide.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Pour finir, voici mes traductions :</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><b> ¤ </b></i><i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Sassanidescence </span></b></i>for <i><b>Serendipity</b></i>.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><b> ¤ </b></i><i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Sassanidescent </span></b></i>for <b><i>Serendipitous</i></b>.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><b> ¤ </b></i><i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Sassanidicien </span></b></i>for <i><b>Serendipist</b></i>.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">La forme verbale n’existe pas</span></i>, et pour cause ! Une découverte ne
peut être décrite comme étant <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">sassanidescente </span></b></i>qu’APRES avoir fait la
découverte. C’est l’évidence même !<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><i><b>VII ¤ Reflections
& propositions</b></i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Admittedly, <i><b>Serendip
</b></i> is a Persian name, but of <i><b>Sri Lanka</b></i> not of <b><i>Persia</i></b>. <i><b>Serendip </b></i>was </span><span lang="EN-GB">used in the title of the Italian
version of Khusrow’s tale not only for its exotic flavour, but also and
foremost for the fact that </span><a href="http://livingheritage.org/three_princes.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-GB"><i>the island was topical in 1555</i></span></a><span lang="EN-GB"> since the colonial period of <i><b>Sri
Lanka</b></i> had begun – meaning that the Italian version of the Persian tale is
more of a trans-translation than an actual translation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><i><b>The Three Princes of
Serendip</b></i> could have been <i><b>The Three Princes of Persia</b></i>, or even better, <i><b>The
Three Princes of Sasan</b></i> – after the founder of the Sasanian (or Sasanid)
Empire – the Persian tale was based on a legend of the fifteenth Sasanian
King Bahram V Gur.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">In my opinion, it would
be a mistake to translate an invented-from-scratch neologism of a source
language, describing a notion never named until then, with a word already
existing in a target language that doesn’t have the exact same meaning of the
source language neologism.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">The notion behind
the word being new in English - and in French, since there is no word in
French naming the notion – the Anglicism option is not necessarily a bad
idea.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">But the musicality
of the term also has to be taken into account for the translation of such a
new word. Since the word is a neologism invented from scratch, we may as well
reproduce the harmony and the rhythm of it.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">If the English <b><i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Serendipity
</span></i></b> (/ˌsɛ.rɛn.ˈdɪp.ə.ti/) is harmonious and rolls off the tongue, the French <i><b>Sérendipité
</b></i> (/se.ʁɑ̃.di.pi.te/) not so much.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">When the ‘r’ is
pronounced /r/</span><span lang="EN-GB"> – </span><span lang="EN-US">an alveolar trill consonant or
rolling R</span><span lang="EN-GB"> – </span><span lang="EN-US">in English, the ‘r’ is pronounced
/ʁ/</span><span lang="EN-GB"> – a voiced uvular
fricative consonant or guttural R – in French.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">Likewise, when the ‘en’
in pronounced /</span><span lang="EN-US">ɛn</span><span lang="EN-GB">/ – a mid-open front vowel
followed by a voiced alveolar nasal – in English, the ‘en’ is pronounced /</span><span lang="EN-US">ɑ̃</span><span lang="EN-GB">/ – followed by a nasal consonant /</span><span lang="EN-US">ɛ</span><span lang="EN-GB">/ becomes /</span><span lang="EN-US">ɑ̃</span><span lang="EN-GB">/ – in French.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">Then, by associating
both sounds, when the ‘ren’ of <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Serendipity </span></b></i>is a light almost delicate voiced
sound in English /</span><span lang="EN-US">rɛn</span><span lang="EN-GB">/, it is quite the opposite in
French – heavy almost brutal unvoiced sound – for the /</span><span lang="EN-US">ʁɑ̃</span><span lang="EN-GB">/ of <i><b>Sérendipité</b></i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">The notion of
open-mindedness suggested by the word <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Serendipity </span></b></i>is thus quite muffled by the sound of the word <i><b>Sérendipité</b></i>. </span>Hence the idea to
keep this subtlety in the translation of the word <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Serendipity</span></b></i>.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">I propose the
neologism <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Sassanidescence </span></b></i>/sa.sa.ni.de.sɑ̃s/ as a French translation of the
English word <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Serendipity</span></b></i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">With the French nominal
suffix <i><b>–escence</b></i>, which qualifies a state or a property just like <i><b>–ité</b></i>, the neologism evokes the word <i>Intelligence </i>and thus the inherent open-mindedness;
and though <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Sassanidescence </span></b></i>is not a real calque of <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Serendipity</span></b></i>, there is a
match in the number of syllables.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">The flowing rhythm
of <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Serendipity </span></b></i>is maintained and <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Sassanidescence </span></b></i>refers directly to the
Persian tale and to Bahram V Gur, king of the Sasanid Empire.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Finally, here are my
translations:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><b> ¤ Sassanidescence </b></i>for <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Serendipity</span></b></i>.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><i> ¤ Sassanidescent </i></b>for <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Serendipitous</span></b></i>.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><b> ¤ Sassanidicien </b></i>for <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Serendipist</span></b></i>.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><i><b>The verbal does not
exist</b></i>, and for good reasons! A discovery can only be described as
<i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">serendipitous </span></b></i>AFTER making the discovery. That’s quite obvious!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><i><b><br /></b></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><i><b>Further readings:</b></i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://ccg.doc.gold.ac.uk/papers/pease_iccc13.pdf" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-GB">A Discussion on Serendipity in Creative Systems</span></a><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://infodoc.blog.free.fr/public/Lexique/SERENDIPITE_Le_long_voyage_d_une_notion.pdf" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-GB">Le long voyage d’une notion ¤ La sérendipité, de la fiction à la science </span></a><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://www.institut-entreprise.fr/sites/default/files/article_de_revue/docs/documents_internes/societal-50-23-chazel-livres.pdf" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-GB">The Serendip Code</span></a> <span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://truchement.blogspot.fr/" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-GB">http://truchement.blogspot.fr</span></a> <span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.zadigacite.com/" target="_blank">www.zadigacite.com</a></span> <span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://www.aalamekhusrau.com/khamsa.html" target="_blank">Amir Khusrau ¤ Khamsa</a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US"><i><b>Source:<o:p></o:p></b></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US"> </span><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/4610/pg4610.html" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-GB">The Letters of Horace Walpole, Volume 2 byHorace Walpole</span></a><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://www.sundaytimes.lk/000730/plus7.html" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-GB">The Sunday Times ¤ 30th July 2000 article</span></a> <span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://livingheritage.org/serendipity.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-GB">http://livingheritage.org/serendipity.htm</span></a> <span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://www.lekti-ecriture.com/contrefeux/Les-Aventures-des-trois-princes-de.html" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-GB">Les Aventures des trois princes de Serendip suivi de Voyage en sérendipité</span></a> <span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://www.cosmovisions.com/ChronoSriLanka.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-GB">L'histoire du Sri Lanka (Ceylan)</span></a> <span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://www.srilanka.travel/" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-GB">www.srilanka.travel</span></a><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-GB">The Encyclopædia Iranica</span></a> <span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-GB">L'Encyclopedie Larousse</span></a> <span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.langsci.ucl.ac.uk/ipa/index.html" target="_blank">The International Phonetic Alphabet Association</a></span> <span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
Mac's bloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16690326398313716473noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8474653329900509621.post-36347099263544603742014-05-30T16:45:00.000-07:002015-01-29T09:38:03.251-08:00[Fr] Quelle belle lapalissade ! ¤ [En] Way to state the obvious!<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; text-align: justify;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><i><b>[Fr]</b></i></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i><b>[En]</b></i></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Je suis venue à la traduction pour une raison très simple. Comme
toute personne qui jongle avec deux langues, entre les auteurs anglophones
lus en version originale, j’en lisais aussi en version française quand je ne
lisais pas d’auteurs français. Seulement voilà, alors que je
dévorais un tome d’une série policière, j’ai buté sur une phrase. Une phrase
qui sonnait faux. Une phrase à la tournure pas du tout française. Une phrase
qui puait la traduction.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
L’erreur est humaine, je ne lyncherai donc pas le traducteur (et les
éditeurs pour ne pas avoir tiqué dessus). J’irai même jusqu’à les
remercier : cette phrase a été le déclencheur. Mon goût pour la langue
de Baudelaire m’a amené à l’écriture, celui pour la langue de Byron à la
traduction.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Il m’était alors évident qu’<i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">en traduction, il ne s’agissait pas de
traduire du mot à mot mais du sens au sens</span><span style="color: #e69138;">.</span></i> Et pour cela, il faut avoir une
aussi bonne connaissance de la culture et de la langue d’origine que de la
culture et de la langue de traduction. Une licence d’anglais ouvre la voie,
la curiosité l’élargie.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
La première fois que j’ai entendu parler de traduction cibliste et sourcière,
j’étais en master d’anglais !<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Si la connaissance de cette théorie fait partie du processus
d’apprentissage, l’ignorance de cette théorie n’avait jusqu’alors jamais
gênée ma traduction.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
La théorie, elle, m’a rebutée.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Le sourcier</span><span style="color: #e69138;"> </span></b></i>conserve les particularités de la langue source et de sa
culture, au risque d’obtenir une traduction bancale.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Le cibliste</span></b></i> prend le contre-pied et adapte les particularités de la
langue source à celles de la langue cible, au risque d’obtenir une traduction
lisse.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Cibliste ou sourcier, en soi peu importe. Un traducteur n’est jamais
soit l’un soit l’autre, il est à la fois les deux et aucun des deux – ou
alors c’est un théoricien, non un traducteur.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
En principe, si l’on traduit un texte d’une langue à une autre, cela
veut bien dire que la langue à traduire est étrangère – <i>quelle belle
lapalissade !</i><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">I came to
translating for a fairly simple reason. As anyone juggling with two
languages, between the readings of English-speaking authors in their original
version, I also read some of them in their French version when I wouldn’t
read French authors. But here the thing, while I was devouring a
book from a detective novel series, I stumbled over a sentence. </span>A sentence
that didn’t seem right. A sentence of really, really poor French. A sentence of
which translation can be smelled a mile off.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">To err is human, so
I will not beat the translator’s head off (nor the publishers’ for not having
baulked at it). I will even go as far as thanking them: this sentence was the
trigger. My liking for the French language led me to write, my liking for the
English language to translate.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">To me then, it was obvious
that<span style="color: #f6b26b;"> <i>translation was not about translating word for word but meaning for
meaning</i></span>. And in this light, a translator has to have as good a knowledge of
the source culture and language than of the target ones. A Bachelor degree in
English language paves the way, curiosity broadens it.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">The first time I
heard about domestication and foreignization in translation, I was studying
for an English Master degree!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">If the knowledge of
this theory is part of the learning process, so far the lack of it had never
hampered my translating.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">As for the theory, I
found it off-putting.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="color: #f6b26b;"><b><i>The foreignizing
translato</i></b><i><b>r</b></i></span> keeps the singularities of the source language and culture, at the
risk of getting a weak translation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">The domesticating
translator</span></b></i> takes the exact opposite angle and adjusts the singularities of
the source language and culture to those of the target ones, at the risk of getting
a bland translation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">Per se,
domesticating or foreignizing translator, it doesn’t matter. A translator is
in no case either one or the other, he is either both or neither one of them
– or else he is a theorist, not a translator.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">In theory, if a text
is translated from a language into another, it means that the language to translate
is foreign –<i> way to state the obvious!</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 464.4pt;" valign="top" width="619"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-nq-TrrU48Lc/VMpvziLmyoI/AAAAAAAAA-M/mL4OH5-DwnA/s1600/Jacques_II_de_Chabannes_de_La_Palice.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-nq-TrrU48Lc/VMpvziLmyoI/AAAAAAAAA-M/mL4OH5-DwnA/s1600/Jacques_II_de_Chabannes_de_La_Palice.png" height="400" width="310" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Jacques II de Chabannes, Seigneur de La Palice<br />Galeries des Batailles du Château de Versaille</i>Epitaphe :</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Ci-gît le Seigneur de La Palice</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">S’il n’était mort il ferait encore envie</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Prenons cet exemple justement : le terme français <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;"><b>lapalissade</b></span></i>.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Si vous jetez un œil au site du <a href="http://cnrtl.fr/definition/lapalissade" target="_blank">CNRTL</a>, vous trouverez comme
définition : <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">expression niaise d’une évidence ou d’une banalité</span></i>.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Etymologiquement et historiquement parlant, l’expression fait
référence à Jacques II de Chabannes, Seigneur de La Palice (1470-1525) et
plus particulièrement à la <a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lapalissade#Chanson_de_La_Palisse" target="_blank"><i>Chanson de La Palisse</i></a>, remplie de vérités évidentes et dont l’écriture est
attribuée à Bernard de la Monnoye (1641-1728).<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Le terme <span style="color: #f6b26b;"><i>lapalissade</i> </span>n’a quant à lui été employé <i><a href="http://cnrtl.fr/etymologie/lapalissade" target="_blank">la première fois qu’en 1861</a>.</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Maintenant, si vous jetez un œil dans le <a href="http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/french-english/lapalissade" target="_blank">Collins</a>,
vous trouverez la traduction : <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">statement of the obvious</span></i>.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Si dans le fond, la traduction est juste, pour ce qui est de la forme,
ce n’est pas si évident.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">Let’s take this
very example: the French word </span><i><span style="color: #f6b26b;"><b>lapalissade</b></span></i>.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">If you take a look
at the </span><a href="http://cnrtl.fr/definition/lapalissade" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-GB">CNRTL</span></a><span lang="EN-GB"> website, you will find the definition: <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">inane
expression of an obvious fact or of a platitude</span></i>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">Etymologically and
historically speaking, the saying refers to Jacques II de Chabannes, Lord of
La Palice (1470-1525) and more specifically to </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Song_of_la_Palice" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-GB"><i>The Song of La Palice</i></span></a><span lang="EN-GB"> which is full of self-evident
truths and which writing is attributed to Bernard de la Monnoye (1641-1728).
As for the word itself, </span><i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">lapalissade</span></i><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="color: #f6b26b;"> </span>was<i> </i></span><a href="http://cnrtl.fr/etymologie/lapalissade" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-GB"><i>first used only in 1861</i></span></a><span lang="EN-GB">.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">Now, if you take a
look at the </span><a href="http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/french-english/lapalissade" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-GB">Collins</span></a><span lang="EN-GB">, you will find the translation: <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">statement of the obvious</span></i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">If in substance, the
translation is correct; in form it is not that obvious.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><br /></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 464.4pt;" valign="top" width="619"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-dW9o8G7006g/VMpviQBlZ5I/AAAAAAAAA-E/t3NF5VPMytg/s1600/Bernard_de_La_Monnoye.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-dW9o8G7006g/VMpviQBlZ5I/AAAAAAAAA-E/t3NF5VPMytg/s1600/Bernard_de_La_Monnoye.png" height="400" width="338" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Bernard de la Monnoye</i></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Membre de l'Académie Française en 1713</i></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Une <i style="color: #f6b26b;">lapalissade</i><span style="color: #f6b26b;"> </span>est un terme idiomatique de la langue
française. Dans l’absolue, il faudrait le traduire par un terme ou une expression
idiomatique anglaise qui aurait en plus une origine similaire à celle de la <i style="color: #f6b26b;">lapalissade</i>.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Seulement voilà, il faut également prendre en compte le
contexte !<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Dans un registre courant, comme c’est le cas de cet article, la
traduction en anglais devra respecter ce registre. L’idéal lors d’une
traduction c’est d’éviter les paraphrases – évitons donc autant que
possible la traduction par une définition. Cela peut paraître anodin, c’est loin de l’être… <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Traduire c’est respecter la nuance (autant que possible).</span></i><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Dans un registre de langue soutenu, voire snob, la traduction
pourrait être un <i>gallicisme </i>: pas de réelle traduction donc.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Seulement, en faisant cette distinction, je réfléchis en traducteur
bien ancré dans son 21<sup>ème</sup> siècle !<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
En tant que traducteur de la fin 19<sup>ème</sup>, il y a fort à
parier que ma réflexion aurait été autrement différente. Le terme <i style="color: #f6b26b;">lapalissade</i>, alors nouveau, alors même qu’il serait d’un
registre courant en français, il serait considéré comme faisant partie d’un registre
de langue soutenu en anglais. Il est fort probable que la traduction du terme
aurait également abouti à un <i>gallicisme</i>.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Au 20<sup>ème</sup> siècle, le terme alors d’un registre de langue
courant dans les deux langues, il n’y a pas 36 traductions possibles.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">A </span><i style="color: #f6b26b;">lapalissade</i><span style="color: #f6b26b;"> </span>is
an idiom of the French language. In absolute terms, it would have to be
translated into an English idiomatic word or expression with an origin
similar to the one of the <i style="color: #f6b26b;">lapalissade</i>.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">Problem is the
context also has to be taken into account!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">In an informal
speech, as it is the case in this post, the English translation will have to
respect this speech. The ideal solution in translation is to avoid
paraphrasing – so let’s avoid translating with a definition as much as
possible. It might seem meaningless, not quite… <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Translating is respecting the subtlety (as much as possible).</span></i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">In a formal speech,
a posh one even, the translation could be a <i>gallicism</i>: not a real translation
then.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">However, doing this
distinction, I am thinking like a translator deeply rooted in her 21<sup>st</sup>
century!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">As a translator of the
end of the 19<sup>th</sup> century, it is a safe bet to say that my reasoning
would have been by far different. The word </span><i style="color: #f6b26b;">lapalissade</i>, a new one at the
time, even though it would have been of an informal speech in French, it
would have been considered of a formal speech in English. The translation
would have more than likely resulted in a <i>gallicism </i>too.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">In the 20<sup>th</sup>
century, then of an informal speech in both languages, there aren’t all that many translations
possible.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><br /></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 464.4pt;" valign="top" width="619"><blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
</blockquote>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Comme je le soulignais plus haut, dans l’absolue, il faudrait traduire <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">lapalissade </span></i>avec un terme ou une expression idiomatique anglaise qui aurait en plus une origine similaire à celle de la <i style="color: #f6b26b;">lapalissade</i>.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Cependant, si dans les cultures britannique et américaine deux
personnages fictifs sont connus pour souligner l’évidence, les expressions
idiomatiques qui en découlent sont sarcastiques et d’un registre de langue au
mieux courant, au pire plutôt grossier.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Or <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">quelle belle lapalissade !</span></i> ici est ni
sarcastique ni ironique, l’exclamation simplement moqueuse souligne
l’évidence du propos qui le précède.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><b>¤ Par simple curiosité, faisons donc une petite parenthèse ¤</b></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><b><br /></b></i></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">Aforesaid in the
post, I stressed that in absolute terms, </span><i style="color: #f6b26b;">lapalissade</i> would have to be
translated with an English idiomatic word or expression with an origin
similar to the one of the <i style="color: #f6b26b;">lapalissade</i>.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">However, if in the
British and the American cultures there are two fictitious characters known
for stressing the obvious, the ensuing idiomatic expressions are sarcastic
and of an informal speech at best, of a rather vulgar speech at worst.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">Now <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">quelle belle
lapalissade !</span></i> is neither sarcastic or ironic here, the merely teasing
exclamation only stresses the obviousness of the words preceding it.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><b>¤ Just for curiosity’s sake, let’s digress a bit ¤</b></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><b><br /></b></i></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 464.4pt;" valign="top" width="619"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-xRfcI3061w8/VMpvZgADiWI/AAAAAAAAA98/zX3FsLqC158/s1600/no_shit_sherlock%2Bknowyourmeme.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-xRfcI3061w8/VMpvZgADiWI/AAAAAAAAA98/zX3FsLqC158/s1600/no_shit_sherlock%2Bknowyourmeme.png" height="267" width="320" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Le premier personnage – britannique – <i>Sherlock Holmes</i> a été créé par
Sir Arthur Conan Doyle en 1887 ; la formule <a href="http://secouchermoinsbete.fr/41-elementaire-mon-cher-watson" target="_blank"><i>« élementaire, mon cher Watson »</i></a> lui est attribuée en 1929 dans le film <i><b>Le
retour de Sherlock Holmes</b></i>, il est supposé la prononcer à chaque fois
que le <i>Docteur Watson</i> exprime des déductions logiques qui lui sont évidentes.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
# L’expression idiomatique <i><a href="http://knowyourmeme.com/memes/no-st-sherlock" target="_blank">no shit, Sherlock!</a></i> est franchement grossière. En français, elle se traduirait par <i>sans
déc’, Sherlock ! </i>; la version familière <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">no kidding,
Sherlock!</span></i> par <i>sans blague, Sherlock !</i> ; la
version courante<i> <span style="color: #f6b26b;">way to state the obvious, Sherlock!</span></i> pourrait
se traduire par <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">on ne s’en serait pas douté, Sherlock !</span></i><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
# Une <span style="color: #f6b26b;"><i>lapalissade</i> </span>est un terme propre à la langue française
– la mondialement célèbre formule de <i>Sherlock Holmes</i> apparaissant à la même
époque dans la culture anglaise et française, il me semblerait maladroit de
traduire <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">quelle belle lapalissade !</span></i> par une expression courante
qui ferait référence à <i>Sherlock Holmes</i> ou au <i>Docteur Watson</i>.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">The first character
– british – <i>Sherlock Holmes</i> has been created by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle in
1887; he has been attributed the
catchphrase </span><a href="http://www.snopes.com/quotes/signature/elementary.asp" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-GB"><i>“elementary, my dear Watson”</i></span></a> <span lang="EN-GB">in the 1929 film <i><b>The
Return of Sherlock Holmes</b></i>, every time <i>Doctor Watson</i> expresses inferences
<i>Sherlock Holmes</i> deems obvious, he is supposed to address him with this catchphrase.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB"># The idiomatic
expression<i> </i></span><a href="http://knowyourmeme.com/memes/no-st-sherlock" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-GB"><i>no shit, Sherlock!</i></span></a><span lang="EN-GB"> is quite vulgar. In French, it
would be translated into <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">sans déc’, Sherlock !</span></i>; the colloquial version <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">no
kidding, Sherlock!</span></i> into <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">sans blague, Sherlock !</span></i>; the informal version <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">way
to state the obvious, Sherlock!</span></i> could be translated into <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">on ne s’en serait
pas douté, Sherlock !</span></i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB"># A <span style="color: #f6b26b;"><i>lapalissade</i> </span>is
a term specific to the French language – the world famous catchphrase of
<i>Sherlock Holmes</i> coming into being at the same time in both the English and
French cultures, it seems to me that translating <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">quelle belle lapalissade !</span></i> into an informal saying referring to <i>Sherlock Holmes</i> or the <i>Doctor Watson</i>
would be clumsy.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 464.4pt;" valign="top" width="619"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-dlotHXHHHI0/VMpvRRPjTfI/AAAAAAAAA90/PAemjYzCs50/s1600/CaptainobviousChooseOption.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-dlotHXHHHI0/VMpvRRPjTfI/AAAAAAAAA90/PAemjYzCs50/s1600/CaptainobviousChooseOption.png" height="320" width="242" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Le second personnage – américain –<i> <a href="http://knowyourmeme.com/memes/captain-obvious" target="_blank">Captain Obvious</a></i>
(Capitaine Evidence pour le français récalcitrant) vient de la culture
geek : un super-héros souvent assimilé à <a href="http://uncyclopedia.wikia.com/wiki/John_Madden" target="_blank">John Madden</a>,
commentateur sportif et ancien joueur de football américain notamment connu
pour sa manie d’enfoncer des portes ouvertes.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
# Les expressions idiomatiques<i> <a href="http://uncyclopedia.wikia.com/wiki/Captain_Obvious" target="_blank">« Thank you, Captain Obvious »</a></i> et<i> <a href="http://uncyclopedia.wikia.com/wiki/Captain_Obvious" target="_blank">« Captain Obvious to the rescue! »</a></i> – respectivement <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">« Merci, Captain
Obvious »</span></i> et <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">« Captain Obvious à la rescousse ! »</span></i> en
français – sont toutes deux d’un registre argotique.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
# Dans le contexte de cet article – de registre courant mais non
argotique – la culture geek ne faisant pas forcément partie de la culture
générale de tout un chacun, traduire <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">quelle belle
lapalissade !</span></i> par une expression courante qui ferait référence à
<i>Captain Obvious</i> serait incorrect.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
# Toujours dans la culture geek, il est à noter que depuis
l’adaptation cinématographique du <i><b>Seigneur des Anneaux</b></i> de Tolkien par Peter
Jackson, l’elfe <i>Legolas Vertefeuille</i> interprété par Orlando Bloom est aussi surnommé
<i>Captain Obvious</i> pour sa fâcheuse tendance à énoncer des évidences : la
réplique qui a fait le buzz <i>« ils emmènent les Hobbits en
Isengard »</i> en est un parfait exemple.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">The second character
– American – </span><a href="http://knowyourmeme.com/memes/captain-obvious" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-GB"><i>Captain Obvious</i></span></a><span lang="EN-GB"> (Capitaine Evidence for the rebellious
French) comes from geek culture: a superhero often compared with </span><a href="http://uncyclopedia.wikia.com/wiki/John_Madden" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-GB">John Madden</span></a><span lang="EN-GB">, color commentator and former American
football player notably known for his quirk of stating the obvious.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB"># The idiomatic
expressions </span><a href="http://uncyclopedia.wikia.com/wiki/Captain_Obvious" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-GB"><i>“Thank you, Captain Obvious”</i></span></a><span lang="EN-GB"> and </span><a href="http://uncyclopedia.wikia.com/wiki/Captain_Obvious" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-GB"><i>“Captain Obvious to the rescue!”</i></span></a><span lang="EN-GB"> – respectively <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">“Merci, Captain
Obvious”</span></i> and <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">“Captain Obvious à la rescousse !”</span></i> in French – are both of a slang speech.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB"># According to the
context of this post – of an informal speech but not a slang one – the geek
culture not necessarily being part of the general culture of each and every
person, translating<i><span style="color: #f6b26b;"> quelle belle lapalissade !</span></i> with an informal saying
referring to <i>Captain Obvious</i> would be wrong.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB"># In the geek
culture still, it is to be noted that since the Peter Jackson’s screen adaptation
of Tolkien’s <i><b>Lord of the Rings</b></i>, the elf <i>Legolas Greenleaf</i> played by Orlando
Bloom is also nicknamed <i>Captain Obvious</i> for his unfortunate habit to state
the obvious: the line that went viral <i>“they’re taking the Hobbits in
Isengard”</i> is one perfect example.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 464.4pt;" valign="top" width="619"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB"></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<span lang="EN-GB">
</span><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-jfjTtOupO9o/VMpvDH0_T2I/AAAAAAAAA9s/66nNxzZulNk/s1600/captain_obvious_by_paratheses-d3cmwa3.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-jfjTtOupO9o/VMpvDH0_T2I/AAAAAAAAA9s/66nNxzZulNk/s1600/captain_obvious_by_paratheses-d3cmwa3.png" height="325" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://paratheses.deviantart.com/art/Captain-Obvious-202622187" style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px;" target="_blank"><i>Source</i></a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><i>¤ Fin de la petite parenthèse ¤</i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><i><br /></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Pour en revenir à la traduction même de <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">quelle belle
lapalissade !</span></i> Il s’avère que les références à <i>Sherlock Holmes</i> ou
à <i>Captain Obvious</i> sont à exclurent pour les raisons déjà exprimées.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
On peut donc faire une croix sur le terme ou l’expression idiomatique
anglaise qui aurait une origine similaire à celle de la <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">lapalissade</span></i>.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Cela nous laisse encore l’expression idiomatique ! <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Certes, plus haut dans l’article, j’ai dit qu’il valait mieux éviter
les périphrases en traduction. Ceci dit, elles sont parfois inévitables. Qui
plus est quand l’expression idiomatique d’une langue revient à définir
l’expression idiomatique d’une autre langue !<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
C’est le cas ici. L’expression idiomatique <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">way to state the
obvious, Sherlock!</span></i> évoquée plus haut est en partie la réponse finale.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Non seulement il serait maladroit de conserver ici <i>Sherlock</i> pour la simple et bonne raison que si le personnage de Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
est mondialement connu, <i>La Palice</i> et la <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">lapalissade </span></i>appartiennent uniquement à la culture française ; cela serait surtout
incorrect parce que conserver <i>Sherlock </i>reviendrait à conserver
le sarcasme de l’expression.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Way to state
the obvious!</span></i> devient alors une exclamation simplement moqueuse. D'où le choix de cette expression pour traduire <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">quelle belle lapalissade !</span></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><i><span style="color: #f6b26b;"><br /></span></i></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span lang="EN-GB"><i><b>¤ End of the little digression ¤</b></i></span> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">Let’s come back to
the very translation of <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">quelle belle lapalissade !</span></i> It turns out that
references to <i>Sherlock Holmes</i> or to <i>Captain Obvious</i> are to be excluded for
the reasons aforementioned.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">So the English
idiomatic word or expression with an origin similar to the one of the </span><span style="color: #f6b26b;"><i>lapalissade</i> </span>can be kissed goodbye.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">That still leaves us
with the idiomatic expression!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">Granted, earlier in
this post, I said that paraphrasing better be avoided in translation. </span><span lang="EN-US">Having said this, sometimes they
are unavoidable. Let alone when the
idiomatic expression of one language comes down to defining the idiomatic
expression of another language!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">This is case here. The
idiomatic expression </span><span lang="EN-US"><i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">way to state the obvious,
Sherlock!</span></i> aforementioned is part of the final answer.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Not only would it be
clumsy to keep <i>Sherlock</i> here for the simple and good reason that if the
character of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle is world famous, <i>La Palice</i> and the </span><span style="color: #f6b26b;"><i>lapalissade</i> </span>solely belong to the French culture; it would also and surely
be wrong since keeping <i>Sherlock </i>would come down to keeping the sarcasm of
the expression.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Way to state the
obvious!</span></i> then merely becomes a teasing expression. Hence the choice of this saying for the translation of <span style="color: #f6b26b;"><i>quelle belle lapalissade !</i></span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 464.4pt;" valign="top" width="619"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Toute cette démonstration pour dire que si l’on a besoin de théorie
dans la traduction, ce qui en fait son essence même est bien la pratique.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Je n’ai pas réfléchi en tant que cibliste ou sourcier, j’ai réfléchi
en termes de contexte et de culture. <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Chaque langue, chaque culture a sa
richesse</span></i>. Pourquoi vouloir évincer une langue pour favoriser l’autre ?
Pourquoi instaurer une hiérarchie entre les langues ? Les langues sont
complémentaires. Les cultures sont riches de leurs singularités.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Je finirai cet article sur la réflexion d’un traducteur – Brice
Matthieussent :<o:p></o:p></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><i>Ni sourcier, ni cibliste, je suis empirique.</i></b></blockquote>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 232.2pt;" valign="top" width="310"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">The bottom line of
all this demonstration is that if the theory is needed in translation, the
very core of it really is practice.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">I didn’t think as a
domesticating or a foreignizing translator, I thought in terms of context and
culture. <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">To each language its richness, to each culture its wealth</span></i>. Why oust
a language to favour the other? Why organise languages into a hierarchy? Languages
are complementary. The treasures of cultures are their singularities.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB">I will conclude this
post on a translator’s thought – Brice Matthieussent’s:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><i><b>Neither
foreignizing or domesticating, I am an empirical translator.</b></i></span></blockquote>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
Mac's bloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16690326398313716473noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8474653329900509621.post-81758152950547719552013-10-29T15:31:00.000-07:002013-10-29T15:31:03.077-07:00[Fr] Pourquoi confier la traduction à un professionnel ? ¤ [En] Why entrust a translation to a professional?<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; text-align: justify;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 230.3pt;" valign="top" width="307">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><i><b>[Fr]<o:p></o:p></b></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 230.3pt;" valign="top" width="307">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<i><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">[En]<o:p></o:p></span></b></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 230.3pt;" valign="top" width="307">
<div class="MsoNormal">
Un travail « vite fait bien fait » en traduction
– comme dans n’importe quelle profession – assure la quantité mais pas la
qualité. Or c’est bien <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">la qualité qui prime !</span></i><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Quel que soit le domaine de traduction, la première
question – fondamentale – qu’il faut se poser est la suivante : <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">le but
de la traduction est-il d’informer, de persuader, de vendre ou est-il d’être
publiée, de véhiculer et cultiver une image ?<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Dans la première situation, le travail entrepris sera
alors de faire ressortir l’essence d’un texte – c’est-à-dire une exécution
plutôt rapide (donc moins onéreux), une traduction allant droit à l’essentiel,
mais pas le moindre peaufinage.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Dans la seconde, la traduction demande à être peaufiner –
la qualité avant tout – cela requière du temps.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Il est fondamental de savoir faire cette distinction.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 230.3pt;" valign="top" width="307">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">A “short
and sweet” work in translation – as in any other profession – only provides
quantity over quality. Yet, that’s exactly <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">what prevails: quality!</span></i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">No matter
the field of a translation, the first question – fundamental – that should
pop up into mind is: <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">what is the purpose of the translation? Is it to inform,
to persuade, to sell or to be published, to convey and cultivate an image?</span></i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">In the
first case, then the work undertaken should bring out the essence of a text –
i.e. a rather swift work (hence less expensive), a straight-to-the-point translation,
but no final touches at all.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">In the
second case, translation has to be polished – quality above all – and this
requires time.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">To know
this difference is fundamental.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 230.3pt;" valign="top" width="307">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">On ne s’improvise pas traducteur !!!<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 230.3pt;" valign="top" width="307">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="color: #f6b26b;"><i>You can’t
improvise and act as translator!!!<o:p></o:p></i></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 230.3pt;" valign="top" width="307">
<div class="MsoNormal">
Si la langue source (la langue de départ) doit être parfaitement
maîtrisée, la langue cible (la langue d’arrivée) doit l’être tout autant.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Par principe, la langue cible doit être la langue
maternelle du traducteur.</span></i> De plus, être bilingue n’est pas forcément synonyme
de compétences quand il s’agit d’adapter un message d’une langue à une autre.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Pour cela, <i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">les bons traducteurs sont des auteurs à part
entière.</span></i> La qualité s’en ressentira : des phrases fluides, une syntaxe
juste et bien française. Cela évitera d’avoir cette impression désagréable de
lire un texte « traduit » où la traduction est certes juste mais
dont on sent l’influence évidente d’un texte de langue étrangère.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 230.3pt;" valign="top" width="307">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">If the translator
has to perfectly master the source language (the language from which a text is
translated), he has to do the target language (the language in which a text
is translated) just as well.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="color: #f6b26b;"><i>Out of
principle, the target language has to be the mother-tongue of the translator.</i></span>
Moreover, to be bilingual doesn’t necessary mean that one has the skills to
adapt a message from a language into another.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">That’s why<i style="color: #f6b26b;"> good translators are fully-fledged writers.</i> It will show in the quality: sentences
fluency, adequate and English syntax. It will spare you the unpleasant
impression to read a “translated” text in which the translation itself is
quite adequate yet not so much for the influence of foreign-written original
text would be rather obvious.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US"><br /></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
Mac's bloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16690326398313716473noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8474653329900509621.post-61750815607796194752013-10-14T10:30:00.000-07:002013-10-14T10:30:35.692-07:00[Fr] Projet en cours ¤ [En] Ongoing project<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="border: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 230.3pt;" valign="top" width="307"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><i>[Fr]<o:p></o:p></i></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 230.3pt;" valign="top" width="307"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><i>[En]<o:p></o:p></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 230.3pt;" valign="top" width="307"><div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Avec mon habitude de flâner à droite à gauche dans les librairies internationales, je suis tombée il y a quelques mois sur une trilogie franchement sympathique. Bien que classée dans la catégorie Jeune Adulte, l'auteur britannique de cette trilogie ne prend pas ses lecteurs potentiels pour de complets écervelés. Et c'est bien ça qui m'a particulièrement plu.<br />
<br />
J'ai dévoré l'histoire - trois romans, trois points de vue, une intrigue palpitante, des personnages fouillés, des époques et des vies enchevêtrées, une romance platonique tout en retenue.<br />
<br />
Bien évidemment, c'est un projet de traduction qui me tient à coeur. Vous ne connaîtrez l'auteur et les titres des romans que lorsque ce projet se concrétisera.</div>
</div>
</td><td style="border: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 230.3pt;" valign="top" width="307"><div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
With this habit of mine to stroll about in international libraries from one shelving to another, a few months ago, I stumbled upon a trilogy downright refreshing. Though the trilogy is of the Young Adult category, the british writer does not take his potential readers for outright featherbrains. And that's exactly what seduced me in the first place.<br />
<br />
I devoured the story - three novels, three different points of view, one gripping plot, in-depth characters, tangled epochs and lifes, undefiled platonic romance.<br />
<br />
<br />
Of course, it's a translation project I care very much about. You won't know about the author and the novel titles untill this project comes to be.<br />
<br /></div>
</div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 460.6pt;" valign="top" width="614"><br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Mac's bloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16690326398313716473noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8474653329900509621.post-48970192770228937312013-09-23T10:21:00.000-07:002013-09-25T03:42:25.708-07:00[Fr] Un petit Cocorico s'impose ! ¤ [En] Three Cheers for France!<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-insideh: none; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 230.3pt;" valign="top" width="307"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><i>[Fr]<o:p></o:p></i></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 230.3pt;" valign="top" width="307"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><i>[En]<o:p></o:p></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 230.3pt;" valign="top" width="307"><div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Non pas pour l’équipe de France de basket qui a remporté
son premier titre Européen hier – quoique cela mérité quand même bien ce
Cocorico – mais pour les félicitations du jury obtenues cette année au
<i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">concours d’Ecriture Créative dans une Langue Etrangère</span></b></i> organisé par l<span style="color: #f6b26b;"><i><b>’Université
de Portsmouth</b></i></span>.<o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Il en faut parfois peu pour exprimer sa joie.<o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Pour en savoir plus :<o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 230.3pt;" valign="top" width="307"><div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Not for
the French national team of basketball who won their first European title
yesterday – though it is actually worth those three cheers – but for the
commendation received this year for the <b><i><span style="color: #f6b26b;">Creative Writing in a Foreign
Language competition</span></i></b> organized by the <i><b><span style="color: #f6b26b;">University of Portsmouth</span></b></i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Sometimes,
it doesn’t take much for one to communicate their happiness.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">For more
info:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 460.6pt;" valign="top" width="614"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><i><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://marieastridcotard.blogspot.fr/p/distinction.html" target="_blank">Distinction</a><o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
Mac's bloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16690326398313716473noreply@blogger.com0